Study of Use Shade And Mulch Of Micro Climate In Tomato Plants (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill)
Abstract
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of shading and mulching on microclimates in tomato plants. This study used a Randomized Block Design (RBD) method with shade and mulch treatment consisting of 6 levels of treatment namely shade without mulch (NTM), plastic mulch shade (NMP), straw mulch shade (NMJ) and without shade without mulch (TNTM) , without plastic mulch shade (TNMP), without straw mulch shade (TNMJ). Each treatment was repeated three times so that there were 18 experimental units. The parameters observed in this study are plant parameters including plant height, number of branches, age of flowering, number of fruit plants and plant fruit weight. Microclimate observations include measurements of soil moisture, soil temperature, ambient temperature and humidity, wind speed and light absorption. Soil physical and chemical properties observed included soil texture, volume weight, specific gravity, soil pH, available K, porosity, organic matter, total N, field capacity and withering point. The results showed that the use of shade and mulch affected the soil moisture content. Shade can also reduce air temperature and can increase humidity. At the soil temperature the use of shade is very influential because it can reduce soil temperature, while the use of mulch also affects because it can reduce the radiation received and absorbed by the soil so that it can reduce soil temperature. Shade affects the speed of the wind and the absorption of light, where the speed of the wind and the absorption of light that is in the shade is lower than in the shade. Data on growth and production of tomato plants were analyzed using variance and tested further using a BNT advanced level of 5%. The use of shade and mulch has a very significant effect on the plant height observation variable at the age of 52 days after planting, but it does not have a significant effect on the observed variables of the number of branches, flowering age, number of fruits and fruit weight in tomato plants (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill). A good mulch for tomato plant growth is silver black plastic mulch, while a good mulch for tomato plant production is rice straw mulch.
References
Ardhana, I.P.Gede. 2012. Ekologi Tumbuhan. Udayana University Press. Bali.
Arlingga, B. 2014. Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Seledri Terhadap Persentase Naungan dan Dosis Pupuk Organik Cair. Skripsi. Fakultas Pertanian UNTAD. Palu.
Doring T.,U. Heimbach, T. Thieme, M. Finkch, H. Saucke. 2006. Aspect of straw mulching in organic potatoes-I, effects on microclimate, Phtopthora infestans, and Rhizoctonia solani. Nachrichtenbl. Deut. Pflanzenschutd. 58 (3): 73-78.
Gasperz, Vincent. 2006. Teknik Analisis dalam Pelitian Percobaan I. Tarsito: Bandung.
Handoko. 1995. Klimatologi Dasar. PT. Dunia Pustaka Jaya, Jakarta.
Hayati, E., Ahmad, A. H., & Rahman, C. T. 2010. Respon jagung manis (Zea mays, Sacharata Shout) terhadap penggunaan mulsa dan pupuk organik. Jurnal Agrista, 14(1), 21-24.
Kartika, R. Y. 2015. Pertumbuhan Dan Hasil Tanaman Tomat (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.) Pada Berbagai Persentase Naungan. Agrotekbis, 3(6).
Kremer, P.J. and Kozlowski, T.T. 1960. Physiology of Trees. New York. McGraw-hill Book Co.Inc.
Kusumasiwi, A. W. P., Muhartini, S., & Trisnowati, S. 2012. Pengaruh warna mulsa plastik terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil terung (Solanum melongena L.) tumpangsari dengan kangkung darat (Ipomoea reptans Poir.). Vegetalika, 1(4), 118-127.
Mahmood, M.,K. Farroq, A. Hussain, R. Sher. 2002. Effect of mulching on growth and yield of potato crop. Asian J. of Plant Sci. 1(2):122-303.
Nasaruddin;Musa, Y; Kuruseng, A.M. 2006. Aktivitas Beberapa Proses Fisiologis Tanaman Kakao Muda di Lapang Pada Berbagai Naungan Buatan. Agrisistem,2(1):26-33.
Noorhadi, S. 2003. Kajian pemberian air dan mulsa terhadap iklim mikro pada tanaman cabai di tanah entisol. Jurnal ilmu tanah dan lingkungan, 4(2003).
Paishal, R. 2005. Pengaruh Naungan dan Pupuk Daun Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Tanaman Seledri (Apium graveolens L.) dengan Teknologi Hidroponik Sistem Terapung. Thesis. Program Studi Hortikultura. Fakultas Pertanian IPB. Bogor.
Pracaya, I. 1994. Bertanam Tomat. Kanisius, Yogyakarta.
Rofiah, D., Pratiwi, S. H., & Sutikno, B. 2018. Pengaruh saat tanam jagung manis hibrida (zea mays l.) Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Kubis Bunga (Brassica oleracea var. Botrytis, l.) Dataran Rendah dalam Sistem Tumpangsari. Jurnal Agroteknologi Merdeka Pasuruan, 2(1).
Sastrosupadi, Adji. 2000. Rancangan Percobaan Praktis Bidang Pertanian. Kanisius. Yogyakarta.
Savitri, S. 2017. Potensi Pemanfaatan Pupuk Kandang dan Mulsa Organik Terhadap
Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Kol Bunga (Brassica Oleraceae L.). Jurnal Agriflora, 1(1), 45-51.
Setyorini, D., Indradewa, D., & Sulistyaningsih, E. 2009. Kualitas buah tomat pada pertanaman dengan mulsa plastik berbeda.J. Hort.19(4):407-412.
Suburika, F., Mangera, Y., & Wahida, W. 2018. Conservation of Soil Moisture Using Mulch of Green Bean Plants (Vigna Radiata). Musamus AE Featuring Journal, 1(1), 10-18.
Surtinah. 2007. Kajian Tentang Hubungan Pertumbuhan Vegetatif dengan Produksi Tanaman Tomat (Lycopersicum esculentum, Mill.) PS. Agronomi, Staf Pengajar Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Lancang Kuning, Vol. 4 No.1, Bandung.
Syakur, A., Hadid, A., & Gustiani, D. 2017.Pemanfaatan Naungan Dan Mulsa Terhadap Pertumbuhan Dan Hasil Tanaman Tomat (Lycopersicium esculentum Mill.). Agroland: Jurnal Ilmu-ilmu Pertanian, 24(2), 95-102.
Wibowo, S. 1985. Tanah dan Pemupukan Cengkeh. Bahan Ceramah bagi Petugas Dinas Perkebunan Seluruh Indonesia. DitjenBun. Depten Jakarta. Proy.on dan Pemantapan Produksi Cengkeh. 29 Nop-1 Des.
Yulianti, D. F. Alnopri., & Prasetyo. 2007. Penampilan bibit prenurseri 10 kopi rabusta pada beberapa tingkat naungan. Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia. Edisi Khusus, (1), 1-10.