ANALISIS VEGETASI TUMBUHAN NON BUDIDAYA ASTERACEAE BERPOTENSI PESTISIDA NABATI DI DISTRIK MERAUKE DAN SEMANGGA
Keywords:
botanical pesticides, wild plants, Asteraceae, dominance
Abstract
Wild plants vegetation in Merauke area as the main ingredient of botanical pesticides showed that utilization of organism considered as unuseful even as weeds can be utilized as pesticides. Asteraceae is one of the families that has species with antimicrobe contents which potential for botanical pesticides. The study was held in Merauke, and Semangga Districts from August to November 2016. The research method is quantitative. The identification used non-destructive measures, based on plant organism reviews taxonomically. Determination of sample plots used quadrat sampling technique with vegetation analysis. The result showed 16 species of wild plants in the Asteraceae family which have potential as botanical pesticides in Merauke regency. The dominant species with the highest density, frequency of attendance and leaf canopy closure are the species which have high possibility to utilize as botanical pesticides. They are Bidens pilosa dan Vernonia cinerea in Merauke district, with Summed Dominance Ratio sequentially 0,341 and 0,189.  Ageratum conyzoides dan Vernonia cinerea in Semangga district dengan Summed Dominance Ratio sequentially 0,236 dan 0,202.
References
Aktar, Md. W., D. Sengupta, and A. Chowdhury. 2009. Impact of pesticides use in agriculture: their benefits and hazards. Journ. Interdisciplinary Toxicology 2(1) pp. 1 – 12. On line. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2984095/. Diakses tanggal 23 Juni 2016.
Alves, D.S., D.F. Oliveira, G.A. Carvalho, D.A. Carvalho, L.P. Souza and O. Lasmar. 2013. Selection of active plant extracts against coffee leaf miner Leucoptera coffeella (Lepidoptera: Lyonetiidae). Rev. Bras. Pl. Med. Campinas 15(3):352-362.
Badan Pusat Statistik. 2014. Merauke dalam Angka. Kabupaten Merauke.
Balfas, R. dan M. Willis. 2009. Pengaruh Ekstrak Tanaman Obat Terhadap Mortalitas dan Kelangsungan Hidup Spodoptera litura F. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Bul. Littro. Vol 20(2): 148-156.
Bouda, H., L.A. Tapondjou, D.A. Fontem and M.Y.D. Gumedzoe. 2001. Effect of essential oils from leaves of Ageratum conyzoides, Lantana camara and Chromolaena odorata on the mortality of Sitophilus zeamais (Coleoptera, Curculionidae). Journal of Stored Products Research, 37(2): 103-109.
Brudea, V., I.M. Rîşca, C. Enea, C.V. Tomescu. 2012. Cercetări Agronomice în Moldova Vol. XLV, No. 1(149) pp. 73 – 80. On line. http://www.uaiasi.ro/CERCET_AGROMOLD/CA1-12-08.pdf. Diakses tanggal 23 Juni 2016.
Cui, S., S.Tan, G. Ouyang, S.Jiang and J. Pawliszyn. 2009. Headspace solid-phase microextration gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of Eupatorium odoratum extract as an oviposition repellent. J. Chromatogr. B. Analyt. Technol. Biomed Life sci. 877:20-21. Online. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Diakses tanggal 29 November 2012.
Direktorat Bina Perlindungan Tanaman Perkebunan. 1994. Pedoman Pengenalan Pestisida Botani. Ditjenbun, Deptan. Jakarta.
Edewor, T.I. and A.A. Olajire. 2011. Two flavones from Acanthospermum hispidum DC and their antibacterial activity. International Journal of Organic Chemistry, 1:132-141.
Fonts Jr. U.R., C.S. Ramos, M.R. Serafini, S.C.H. Cavalcanti, P.B. Alves, G.M. Lima, P.H.S. Andrade, L.R. Bonjardim, L.J. Quintas Jr. and A.A.S. Araújo. 2012. Evaluation of lethality of Porophyllum ruderale essential oil against Biomphalaria glabrata, Aedes aegypti and Artemia salina. African Journal of Biotechnology 11(13).
Funk, V.A., R.J. Bayer, S. Keeley, R. Chan, L. Watson, B. Gemeinholzer, E. Schilling, J.L. Panero, B.G. Baldwin, N. Garcia-Jacas, A. Susanna dan R.K. Jansen. 2005. Everywher but Antartica: using a supertree to understand the diversity and distribution of the Compositae.Biol. Skr.,55:343-374.
Ghayal, N.A., A.D. Padhye and K.N. Dumal. 2010. Larvicidal activity of invasive weeds Cassia uniflora and Synedrella nodiflora.International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences 1(3):1-6.
Hadi, D.R.W. 2015. Toksisitas Ekstrak Gulma Ajeran (Bidens pilosa L.) Sebagai Insektisida Nabati dalam Mengendalikan Hama Ulat Daun Kubis (Plutella xylostella L.). Skripsi. Program Studi Agroteknologi. Fakultas Pertanian. Universitas Jember.
Ilondu, E.M. 2013. Phytochemical composition and efficacy of ethanolic leaf extracts of some Vernonia species against two phytopathogenic fungi. JBiopest. 6(2):165-172.
Jaglan, D., A.S. Brar, dan R. Gill. 2013. Pharmacological activity and chemical constituentsof Eclipta alba. Global journal of medical research 13(1):35-40.
Junhirun, P., W. Pluempanupat and V. Bullangpoti. 2012. Toxicological study of Wedelia trilobata (Asteraceae) extracts as alternative control strategies for Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae). Commun.Agric.Appl.Biol.Sci. 77(4):721-725.
Kamboj, A. and A.K. Saluja. 2008. Ageratum conyzoides L. : A review on its phytochemical and pharmacological profile. Int. Journal of Green Pharmacy Vol. 2(2) pp. 59 – 68.
Kardinan, A. 2011. Penggunaan dari Pestisida Nabati Sebagai Salah Satu Kearifan Lokal dalam Tujuan Pengendalian dari Hama Tanaman Menuju Sistem Pertanian Organik. Jurnal Pengembangan Inovasi Petanian 4(4):262-278.
Kementerian Pertanian RI. 2014. Peraturan Menteri Pertanian Republik Indonesia No. 107/Permentan/SR.140/9/2014 tentang Pengawasan Pestisida. On line. http://perundangan.pertanian.go.id/admin/file/Permentan%20No.107%20Tahun%202014%20Pestisida.pdf. Diakses tanggal 23 Juni 2016.
Limbongan, A.A. 2013. Pemanfaatan Ekstrak Tumbuhan untuk Pengendalian Penyakit Busuk Buah Kakao (Phytophthora palmivora Butler). Tesis. Tidak dipublikasikan. Program Pascasarjana Ilmu Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan Universitas Hasanuddin.
Miles, D.H., V. Chittawong, P.A. Hedin and U. Kokpol. 1993. Potential agrochemical from leaves of Wedelia biflora. Phytochemistry 32(6):1427-1429.
Mostafa, I., E.A. El-Aziz, S. Hafez and A. El-Shazly. 2013. Chemical constituents and biological activities of Galinsoga parviflora cav. (Asteraceae) from Egypt. Z. Naturforsch c. 68(7-8):285-292.
Prakash, A. and J. Rao. 1997. Botanical Pesticides in Agriculture. New York: Lewis Publisher.
Prijono, D., J.I. Sudiar, and Irmayetri. 2006. Insecticidal activity of Indonesian Plant Extracts Against the Cabbage Head Caterpillar, Crocidolomia pavonana (F.) (Lepidoptera:Pyralidae). Journ. ISSAAS 12(1) pp. 25 – 34.
Rachchh, R.P. and V.J. Galani. 2015. Evaluation of antinoceptive and antirheumatic activity of Grangea maderaspatana (L.) Poir. Using experimental models. Ayu. 36(4):425-431. Online. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27833373. Diakses tanggal 5 Maret 2017.
Rachmawati, D. dan E. Korlina. 2009. Pemanfaatan Pestisida Nabati untuk Mengendalikan Organisme Pengganggu Tanaman. Balai Pengkajian Teknologi Pertanian Jawa Timur.
Ragasa, C.Y., D.L. Espineli, D.D. Raga and C. Shen. 2014. Chemical constituents of Sphaeranthus africanus. Journal of Chemical And Pharmaceutical Research 6(7):2197-2200.
Raja, S.S., A. Singh and S. Rao. 1987. Effect of Ageratum conyzoides on Chilo partellus Swinhoe (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). J. Anim. Morphol. Physiol. 34(1-2):35-37.
Saxena, V.K. and A. Sosanna. 2005. -Siosterol-3-O--D Xylopyranoside from the flowers of Tridax procumbens Linn. Journal of Chemical Sciences 117(3):263-266.
Sembodo, D.R.J. 2010. Gulma dan pengelolaannya. Graha Ilmu. Yogyakarta.
Sjam, S., U. Surapati, A. Rosmana, M.D. Rahim, V.S. Dewi, A. Limbongan and R. Kartika. 2014. Application of Ageratum conyzoides to controlling Phytophthora pod rot disease, Phytophthora palmivora on cacao field. Online. http://www.nodai.ac.jp/issaas/uploads/58f9caaec3190caa599aa14b07418da5.pdf. The 2014 ISSAAS International Congress and General Meeting "Agriculture Changes in Southeast Asia: Past, Present and Future".
Soerjani, M, A.G.J.H. Kostermans and G. Tjitrosoepomo/ 1997. Weeds of rice in Indonesia. Balai Pustaka: Jakarta.
Sucahyo, N. 2014. Penggunaan Pestisida di Kalangan Petani Kian Memprihatinkan. On line. http://www.voaindonesia.com/a/penggunaan-pestisida-di-kalangan-petani-kian-memprihatinkan/2440832.html. Diakses tanggal 23 Juni 2016.
Thenmozhi, K., M. Saradha, S. Manian and S. Paulsamy. 2013. Microbial potential of root extracts of the medicinal plant species, Emilia sonchifolia (Linn.)Dc. Asian J. Pharm. Clin. Res. 6(3):149-151.
U.S. Department of Agriculture. 2016. Plants Database: Classification. On line. http://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=ACHI. Diakses tanggal 24 Juni 2016.
Zarins, I., M. Daugavietis, and J. Halimona. 2009. Biological activity of plant extracts and their application as ecologically harmless biopesticide. Sodininkystė ir daržininkystė. 28(3) pp. 269 – 280. On line. http://sodininkyste-darzininkyste.lsdi.lt/straipsniai/28-3/34_Zarins.pdf. Diakses tanggal 23 Juni 2016.
Alves, D.S., D.F. Oliveira, G.A. Carvalho, D.A. Carvalho, L.P. Souza and O. Lasmar. 2013. Selection of active plant extracts against coffee leaf miner Leucoptera coffeella (Lepidoptera: Lyonetiidae). Rev. Bras. Pl. Med. Campinas 15(3):352-362.
Badan Pusat Statistik. 2014. Merauke dalam Angka. Kabupaten Merauke.
Balfas, R. dan M. Willis. 2009. Pengaruh Ekstrak Tanaman Obat Terhadap Mortalitas dan Kelangsungan Hidup Spodoptera litura F. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Bul. Littro. Vol 20(2): 148-156.
Bouda, H., L.A. Tapondjou, D.A. Fontem and M.Y.D. Gumedzoe. 2001. Effect of essential oils from leaves of Ageratum conyzoides, Lantana camara and Chromolaena odorata on the mortality of Sitophilus zeamais (Coleoptera, Curculionidae). Journal of Stored Products Research, 37(2): 103-109.
Brudea, V., I.M. Rîşca, C. Enea, C.V. Tomescu. 2012. Cercetări Agronomice în Moldova Vol. XLV, No. 1(149) pp. 73 – 80. On line. http://www.uaiasi.ro/CERCET_AGROMOLD/CA1-12-08.pdf. Diakses tanggal 23 Juni 2016.
Cui, S., S.Tan, G. Ouyang, S.Jiang and J. Pawliszyn. 2009. Headspace solid-phase microextration gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of Eupatorium odoratum extract as an oviposition repellent. J. Chromatogr. B. Analyt. Technol. Biomed Life sci. 877:20-21. Online. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Diakses tanggal 29 November 2012.
Direktorat Bina Perlindungan Tanaman Perkebunan. 1994. Pedoman Pengenalan Pestisida Botani. Ditjenbun, Deptan. Jakarta.
Edewor, T.I. and A.A. Olajire. 2011. Two flavones from Acanthospermum hispidum DC and their antibacterial activity. International Journal of Organic Chemistry, 1:132-141.
Fonts Jr. U.R., C.S. Ramos, M.R. Serafini, S.C.H. Cavalcanti, P.B. Alves, G.M. Lima, P.H.S. Andrade, L.R. Bonjardim, L.J. Quintas Jr. and A.A.S. Araújo. 2012. Evaluation of lethality of Porophyllum ruderale essential oil against Biomphalaria glabrata, Aedes aegypti and Artemia salina. African Journal of Biotechnology 11(13).
Funk, V.A., R.J. Bayer, S. Keeley, R. Chan, L. Watson, B. Gemeinholzer, E. Schilling, J.L. Panero, B.G. Baldwin, N. Garcia-Jacas, A. Susanna dan R.K. Jansen. 2005. Everywher but Antartica: using a supertree to understand the diversity and distribution of the Compositae.Biol. Skr.,55:343-374.
Ghayal, N.A., A.D. Padhye and K.N. Dumal. 2010. Larvicidal activity of invasive weeds Cassia uniflora and Synedrella nodiflora.International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences 1(3):1-6.
Hadi, D.R.W. 2015. Toksisitas Ekstrak Gulma Ajeran (Bidens pilosa L.) Sebagai Insektisida Nabati dalam Mengendalikan Hama Ulat Daun Kubis (Plutella xylostella L.). Skripsi. Program Studi Agroteknologi. Fakultas Pertanian. Universitas Jember.
Ilondu, E.M. 2013. Phytochemical composition and efficacy of ethanolic leaf extracts of some Vernonia species against two phytopathogenic fungi. JBiopest. 6(2):165-172.
Jaglan, D., A.S. Brar, dan R. Gill. 2013. Pharmacological activity and chemical constituentsof Eclipta alba. Global journal of medical research 13(1):35-40.
Junhirun, P., W. Pluempanupat and V. Bullangpoti. 2012. Toxicological study of Wedelia trilobata (Asteraceae) extracts as alternative control strategies for Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae). Commun.Agric.Appl.Biol.Sci. 77(4):721-725.
Kamboj, A. and A.K. Saluja. 2008. Ageratum conyzoides L. : A review on its phytochemical and pharmacological profile. Int. Journal of Green Pharmacy Vol. 2(2) pp. 59 – 68.
Kardinan, A. 2011. Penggunaan dari Pestisida Nabati Sebagai Salah Satu Kearifan Lokal dalam Tujuan Pengendalian dari Hama Tanaman Menuju Sistem Pertanian Organik. Jurnal Pengembangan Inovasi Petanian 4(4):262-278.
Kementerian Pertanian RI. 2014. Peraturan Menteri Pertanian Republik Indonesia No. 107/Permentan/SR.140/9/2014 tentang Pengawasan Pestisida. On line. http://perundangan.pertanian.go.id/admin/file/Permentan%20No.107%20Tahun%202014%20Pestisida.pdf. Diakses tanggal 23 Juni 2016.
Limbongan, A.A. 2013. Pemanfaatan Ekstrak Tumbuhan untuk Pengendalian Penyakit Busuk Buah Kakao (Phytophthora palmivora Butler). Tesis. Tidak dipublikasikan. Program Pascasarjana Ilmu Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan Universitas Hasanuddin.
Miles, D.H., V. Chittawong, P.A. Hedin and U. Kokpol. 1993. Potential agrochemical from leaves of Wedelia biflora. Phytochemistry 32(6):1427-1429.
Mostafa, I., E.A. El-Aziz, S. Hafez and A. El-Shazly. 2013. Chemical constituents and biological activities of Galinsoga parviflora cav. (Asteraceae) from Egypt. Z. Naturforsch c. 68(7-8):285-292.
Prakash, A. and J. Rao. 1997. Botanical Pesticides in Agriculture. New York: Lewis Publisher.
Prijono, D., J.I. Sudiar, and Irmayetri. 2006. Insecticidal activity of Indonesian Plant Extracts Against the Cabbage Head Caterpillar, Crocidolomia pavonana (F.) (Lepidoptera:Pyralidae). Journ. ISSAAS 12(1) pp. 25 – 34.
Rachchh, R.P. and V.J. Galani. 2015. Evaluation of antinoceptive and antirheumatic activity of Grangea maderaspatana (L.) Poir. Using experimental models. Ayu. 36(4):425-431. Online. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27833373. Diakses tanggal 5 Maret 2017.
Rachmawati, D. dan E. Korlina. 2009. Pemanfaatan Pestisida Nabati untuk Mengendalikan Organisme Pengganggu Tanaman. Balai Pengkajian Teknologi Pertanian Jawa Timur.
Ragasa, C.Y., D.L. Espineli, D.D. Raga and C. Shen. 2014. Chemical constituents of Sphaeranthus africanus. Journal of Chemical And Pharmaceutical Research 6(7):2197-2200.
Raja, S.S., A. Singh and S. Rao. 1987. Effect of Ageratum conyzoides on Chilo partellus Swinhoe (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). J. Anim. Morphol. Physiol. 34(1-2):35-37.
Saxena, V.K. and A. Sosanna. 2005. -Siosterol-3-O--D Xylopyranoside from the flowers of Tridax procumbens Linn. Journal of Chemical Sciences 117(3):263-266.
Sembodo, D.R.J. 2010. Gulma dan pengelolaannya. Graha Ilmu. Yogyakarta.
Sjam, S., U. Surapati, A. Rosmana, M.D. Rahim, V.S. Dewi, A. Limbongan and R. Kartika. 2014. Application of Ageratum conyzoides to controlling Phytophthora pod rot disease, Phytophthora palmivora on cacao field. Online. http://www.nodai.ac.jp/issaas/uploads/58f9caaec3190caa599aa14b07418da5.pdf. The 2014 ISSAAS International Congress and General Meeting "Agriculture Changes in Southeast Asia: Past, Present and Future".
Soerjani, M, A.G.J.H. Kostermans and G. Tjitrosoepomo/ 1997. Weeds of rice in Indonesia. Balai Pustaka: Jakarta.
Sucahyo, N. 2014. Penggunaan Pestisida di Kalangan Petani Kian Memprihatinkan. On line. http://www.voaindonesia.com/a/penggunaan-pestisida-di-kalangan-petani-kian-memprihatinkan/2440832.html. Diakses tanggal 23 Juni 2016.
Thenmozhi, K., M. Saradha, S. Manian and S. Paulsamy. 2013. Microbial potential of root extracts of the medicinal plant species, Emilia sonchifolia (Linn.)Dc. Asian J. Pharm. Clin. Res. 6(3):149-151.
U.S. Department of Agriculture. 2016. Plants Database: Classification. On line. http://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=ACHI. Diakses tanggal 24 Juni 2016.
Zarins, I., M. Daugavietis, and J. Halimona. 2009. Biological activity of plant extracts and their application as ecologically harmless biopesticide. Sodininkystė ir daržininkystė. 28(3) pp. 269 – 280. On line. http://sodininkyste-darzininkyste.lsdi.lt/straipsniai/28-3/34_Zarins.pdf. Diakses tanggal 23 Juni 2016.
How to Cite
Hisa, L., Wilil, A., Limbongan, A., Monika, N., & Ekowati, N. (1). ANALISIS VEGETASI TUMBUHAN NON BUDIDAYA ASTERACEAE BERPOTENSI PESTISIDA NABATI DI DISTRIK MERAUKE DAN SEMANGGA. AGRICOLA, 7(1), 1 - 14. https://doi.org/10.35724/ag.v7i1.583
Section
Artikel
