Peran Literasi Keuangan Dan Teknologi Keuangan Melalui Inklusi Keuangan Untuk Keberlanjutan Umkm
Keywords:
Literasi keuangan, teknologi finansial, inklusi keuangan, dan pertumbuhan bisnis
Abstract
Usaha Mikro, Kecil, dan Menengah (UMKM) memainkan peran penting dalam pembangunan ekonomi dan kesejahteraan sosial di banyak negara. Namun, akses ke peluang keuangan dan pemasaran tetap menjadi tantangan yang terus-menerus bagi perusahaan-perusahaan ini. Kajian ini menggali potensi teknologi digital dalam meningkatkan inklusi keuangan dan strategi pemasaran UMKM untuk mendorong pertumbuhan ekonomi dan stabilitas keuangan. Kajian ini bersifat kuantitatif dengan menganalisis studi kasus, dan menggunakan survei dan wawancara untuk mengumpulkan data dari UMKM di berbagai sektor. Tujuannya untuk mengidentifikasi kesenjangan pembiayaan dan pemasaran saat ini serta menilai dampak adopsi teknologi digital terhadap kinerja dan pertumbuhan UMKM. Sampel ditarik menggunakan teknik accidental sampling. Data dianalisis menggunakan menggunakan analisis multivariat dengan model Partial Least Square (PLS) dengan bantuan software Smart-PLS. Hasil empiris mengungkapkan bahwa hanya terdapat dua hipotesis yang memiliki pengaruh terhadap keberlanjutan bisnis. Edukasi dan inovasi layanan Keuangan berbasis digital perlu terus ditingkatkan sehingga tercipta inklusi Keuangan
References
[1] A. Yasa, S. Suswanta, M. Rafi, F. Rahmanto, D. Setiawan, and M. Iqbal Fadhlurrohman, “Penguatan Reformasi Birokrasi Menuju Era Society 5.0 di Indonesia,” Nakhoda: Jurnal Ilmu Pemerintahan, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 27–42, 2021, doi: 10.35967/njip.v20i1.139.
[2] M. R. N. Hilmawati and R. Kusumaningtias, “INKLUSI KEUANGAN DAN LITERASI KEUANGAN TERHADAP KINERJA DAN KEBERLANGSUNGAN SEKTOR USAHA MIKRO KECIL MENENGAH,” Nominal: Barometer Riset Akuntansi dan Manajemen, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 135–152, 2021.
[3] J. Susilo, Y. Anisma, and A. Syofyan, “PENGARUH LITERASI KEUANGAN, INKLUSI KEUANGAN, DAN INOVASI TERHADAP KINERJA UMKM,” Jurnal Kajian Akuntansi dan Bisnis Terkini, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 438–457, 2020.
[4] A. Astohar, M. D. Praptitorini, and S. Shobandiyah, “Pengaruh Literasi Keuangan Dan Layanan Keuangan Berbasis Teknologi Terhadap Inklusi Keuangan (Studi Kasus pada UMKM di Kabupaten Demak),” The Academy Of Management and Business, vol. 1, no. 2, 2022, doi: 10.55824/tamb.v1i2.147.
[5] A. Ardi, “Jumlah UMKM di Merauke Capai 3.315,” RRI Merauke. Accessed: Oct. 08, 2022. [Online]. Available: https://www.rri.co.id/index.php/merauke/daerah/54176/jumlah-umkm-di-merauke-capai-3.315
[6] I. Ajzen, “The Theory of Planned Behavior,” ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR AND HUMAN DECISION PROCESSES, vol. 50. pp. 179–211, 1991.
[7] B. Salerindra, “Determinan Keputusan Investasi Mahasiswa pada Galeri Investasi Perguruan Tinggi di Surabaya dan Malang,” Jurnal Ilmu Manajemen, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 157–173, 2020.
[8] T. Duha, Perilaku Organisasi. Yogyakarta: Deepublish, 2016. [Online]. Available: https://books.google.co.id/books?id=4JJoDQAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&hl=id#v=onepage&q&f=false
[9] R. Hening Karatri, F. Faidah, and N. Lailyah, “Determinan Minat Generasi Milenial Dalam Investasi Pasar Modal Di Masa Pandemi Covid-19,” Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen dan Bisnis, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 35–52, 2021, doi: 10.38043/jimb.v6i2.3193.
[10] F. D. Davis, “Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease of Use, and User Acceptance of Information Technology,” MIS Quarterly, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 319–340, 1989, Accessed: Jul. 30, 2023. [Online]. Available: http://www.jstor.org/stable/249008
[11] M. C. Lee, “Factors influencing the adoption of internet banking: An integration of TAM and TPB with perceived risk and perceived benefit,” Electron Commer Res Appl, vol. 8, pp. 130–141, May 2009, doi: 10.1016/j.elerap.2008.11.006.
[12] S. Akhtar, M. Irfan, A. Sarwar, Asma, and Q. U. A. Rashid, “Factors influencing individuals’ intention to adopt mobile banking in China and Pakistan: The moderating role of cultural values,” J Public Aff, pp. 1–15, Feb. 2019, doi: 10.1002/pa.1884.
[13] R. Hasan, M. Ashfaq, and L. Shao, “Evaluating Drivers of Fintech Adoption in the Netherlands,” Global Business Review, 2021, doi: 10.1177/09721509211027402.
[14] P. Schueffel, “Taming the Beast: A Scientific Definition of Fintech,” Journal of Innovation Management Schueffel JIM, vol. 4, pp. 32–54, 2016.
[15] K. Leong and A. Sung, “FinTech (Financial Technology): What is It and How to Use Technologies to Create Business Value in Fintech Way?,” International Journal of Innovation, Management and Technology, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 74–78, 2018, doi: 10.18178/ijimt.2018.9.2.791.
[16] H. Liu, P. Yao, S. Latif, S. Aslam, and N. Iqbal, “Impact of Green financing, FinTech, and financial inclusion on energy efficiency,” Environmental Science and Pollution Research, vol. 29, no. 13, pp. 18955–18966, Mar. 2022, doi: 10.1007/s11356-021-16949-x.
[17] I. Lee and Y. J. Shin, “Fintech: Ecosystem, business models, investment decisions, and challenges,” Bus Horiz, vol. 61, no. 1, pp. 35–46, Jan. 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.bushor.2017.09.003.
[18] K. Davis, R. Maddock, and M. Foo, “Catching up with indonesia’s fintech industry,” Law and Financial Markets Review, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 33–40, Jan. 2017, doi: 10.1080/17521440.2017.1336398.
[19] H. Gimpel, D. Rau, and M. Röglinger, “Understanding FinTech start-ups – a taxonomy of consumer-oriented service offerings,” Electronic Markets, vol. 28, no. 3, pp. 245–264, Aug. 2018, doi: 10.1007/s12525-017-0275-0.
[20] A. Tritto, Y. He, and V. A. Junaedi, “Governing the gold rush into emerging markets: a case study of Indonesia’s regulatory responses to the expansion of Chinese-backed online P2P lending,” Financial Innovation, vol. 6, no. 1, Dec. 2020, doi: 10.1186/s40854-020-00202-4.
[21] E. Tan and M. Syahwildan, “Financial Technology dan Kinerja Berkelanjutan Usaha Mikro Kecil : Mediasi Literasi Keuangan dan Inklusi Keuangan,” Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen dan Bisnis, vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 1–22, 2022, doi: 10.30596/jimb.v23i1.8535.
[22] M. Afdi, “Munich Personal RePEc Archive Financial Technology (Fintech): It’s Concept and Implementation in Indonesia,” Munich Personal RePEc Archive, pp. 1–15, 2017.
[23] R. Nadhifah and M. Anwar, “Pengaruh Literasi Keuangan Dan Toleransi Risiko Terhadap Keputusan Investasi ( Studi Pada Warga Desa Sekapuk Kabupaten Gresik ),” JURNAL ILMIAH EKONOMI DAN BISNIS, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 1–11, 2021.
[24] B. Permata Sari, D. Rimbano, B. Marselino, G. Rusydi, R. I. Putra, and H. E. Mbeko, “Determinasi Literasi Keuangan dan Inklusi Keuangan Terhadap Kinerja dan Keberlangsungan Usaha UMKM,” Owner: Riset & Jurnal Akuntansi, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 2840–2849, Jul. 2022, doi: 10.33395/owner.v6i3.928.
[25] M. F. Alamsyah, “Pengaruh literasi keuangan dan kualitas manajemen keuangan terhadap kinerja keuangan pada ukm meubel di kota gorontalo,” FORUM EKONOMI, vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 245–255, 2020, [Online]. Available: http://journal.feb.unmul.ac.id/index.php/FORUMEKONOMI
[26] C. P. Lakuma, R. Marty, and F. Muhumuza, “Financial inclusion and micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) growth in Uganda,” J Innov Entrep, vol. 8, no. 1, Dec. 2019, doi: 10.1186/s13731-019-0110-2.
[27] OJK, “SNLIK OJK 2022: INDEKS LITERASI DAN INKLUSI KEUANGAN MASYARAKAT MENINGKAT,” SNKI. Accessed: Apr. 19, 2023. [Online]. Available: https://snki.go.id/snlik-ojk-2022-indeks-literasi-dan-inklusi-keuangan-masyarakat-meningkat/
[28] E. Haryono, “INKLUSI KEUANGAN DAN PEMBIAYAAN UMKM KUNCI DALAM MENDORONG EKONOMI INKLUSIF,” Departemen Komunikasi BI. Accessed: Apr. 19, 2023. [Online]. Available: https://www.bi.go.id/id/publikasi/ruang-media/news-release/Pages/sp_2412822.aspx
[29] M. Eton, F. Mwosi, C. Okello-Obura, A. Turyehebwa, and G. Uwonda, “Financial inclusion and the growth of small medium enterprises in Uganda: empirical evidence from selected districts in Lango sub-region,” J Innov Entrep, vol. 10, no. 1, Dec. 2021, doi: 10.1186/s13731-021-00168-2.
[30] M. Faizal, Sumardjo, A. Saleh, and P. Muljono, “Pengembangan Kemandirian Pelaku Usaha Mikro dan Kecil dalam Implementasi Tanggungjawab Sosial Perusahaan di Kabupaten Bogor Jawa Barat,” Disertasi, IPB (Bogor Agricultural University), Bogor, 2014. Accessed: Apr. 20, 2023. [Online]. Available: https://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/70057?show=full
[31] V. A. Yanti, S. Amanah, P. Muldjono, and P. Asngari, “FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI KEBERLANJUTAN USAHA MIKRO KECIL MENENGAH DI BANDUNG DAN BOGOR,” Jurnal Pengkajian dan Pengembangan Teknologi Pertanian, vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 137–148, 2018.
[32] K. Ratnawati, “The Influence of Financial Inclusion on MSMEs’ Performance Through Financial Intermediation and Access to Capital,” Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, vol. 7, no. 11, pp. 205–218, 2020, doi: 10.13106/jafeb.2020.vol7.no11.205.
[33] I. Ghozali, Aplikasi Analisis Multivariate Dengan Program IBM SPSS 25, 9th ed. Semarang: Universitas Diponegoro, 2018.
[34] J. F. H. Jr, G. T. M. Hult, C. M. Ringle, M. Sarstedt, N. P. Danks, and S. Ray, “Using R: A workbook,” Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), 2021.
[35] M. J. Lachowicz, K. J. Preacher, and K. Kelley, “A novel measure of effect size for mediation analysis,” Psychol Methods, vol. 23, no. 2, 2018, doi: 10.1037/met0000165.
[36] P. A. Sanistasya, K. Rahardjo, and M. Iqbal, “Pengaruh Literasi Keuangan dan Inklusi Keuangan Terhadap Kinerja Usaha Kecil di Kalimantan Timur,” 2018. [Online]. Available: https://journal.uny.ac.id/index.php/economia
[37] G. O. Candiya Bongomin, J. C. Munene, J. M. Ntayi, and C. A. Malinga, “Financial literacy in emerging economies: Do all components matter for financial inclusion of poor households in rural Uganda?,” Managerial Finance, vol. 43, no. 12, 2017, doi: 10.1108/MF-04-2017-0117.
[38] N. E. Cahyawati, K. H. Nantungga, and Y. K. Tumewang, “The influence of financial technology & literacy on MSMEs sustainability with financial inclusion as a mediating variable,” Journal of Contemporary Accounting, pp. 71–82, Aug. 2023, doi: 10.20885/jca.vol5.iss2.art2.
[2] M. R. N. Hilmawati and R. Kusumaningtias, “INKLUSI KEUANGAN DAN LITERASI KEUANGAN TERHADAP KINERJA DAN KEBERLANGSUNGAN SEKTOR USAHA MIKRO KECIL MENENGAH,” Nominal: Barometer Riset Akuntansi dan Manajemen, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 135–152, 2021.
[3] J. Susilo, Y. Anisma, and A. Syofyan, “PENGARUH LITERASI KEUANGAN, INKLUSI KEUANGAN, DAN INOVASI TERHADAP KINERJA UMKM,” Jurnal Kajian Akuntansi dan Bisnis Terkini, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 438–457, 2020.
[4] A. Astohar, M. D. Praptitorini, and S. Shobandiyah, “Pengaruh Literasi Keuangan Dan Layanan Keuangan Berbasis Teknologi Terhadap Inklusi Keuangan (Studi Kasus pada UMKM di Kabupaten Demak),” The Academy Of Management and Business, vol. 1, no. 2, 2022, doi: 10.55824/tamb.v1i2.147.
[5] A. Ardi, “Jumlah UMKM di Merauke Capai 3.315,” RRI Merauke. Accessed: Oct. 08, 2022. [Online]. Available: https://www.rri.co.id/index.php/merauke/daerah/54176/jumlah-umkm-di-merauke-capai-3.315
[6] I. Ajzen, “The Theory of Planned Behavior,” ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR AND HUMAN DECISION PROCESSES, vol. 50. pp. 179–211, 1991.
[7] B. Salerindra, “Determinan Keputusan Investasi Mahasiswa pada Galeri Investasi Perguruan Tinggi di Surabaya dan Malang,” Jurnal Ilmu Manajemen, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 157–173, 2020.
[8] T. Duha, Perilaku Organisasi. Yogyakarta: Deepublish, 2016. [Online]. Available: https://books.google.co.id/books?id=4JJoDQAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&hl=id#v=onepage&q&f=false
[9] R. Hening Karatri, F. Faidah, and N. Lailyah, “Determinan Minat Generasi Milenial Dalam Investasi Pasar Modal Di Masa Pandemi Covid-19,” Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen dan Bisnis, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 35–52, 2021, doi: 10.38043/jimb.v6i2.3193.
[10] F. D. Davis, “Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease of Use, and User Acceptance of Information Technology,” MIS Quarterly, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 319–340, 1989, Accessed: Jul. 30, 2023. [Online]. Available: http://www.jstor.org/stable/249008
[11] M. C. Lee, “Factors influencing the adoption of internet banking: An integration of TAM and TPB with perceived risk and perceived benefit,” Electron Commer Res Appl, vol. 8, pp. 130–141, May 2009, doi: 10.1016/j.elerap.2008.11.006.
[12] S. Akhtar, M. Irfan, A. Sarwar, Asma, and Q. U. A. Rashid, “Factors influencing individuals’ intention to adopt mobile banking in China and Pakistan: The moderating role of cultural values,” J Public Aff, pp. 1–15, Feb. 2019, doi: 10.1002/pa.1884.
[13] R. Hasan, M. Ashfaq, and L. Shao, “Evaluating Drivers of Fintech Adoption in the Netherlands,” Global Business Review, 2021, doi: 10.1177/09721509211027402.
[14] P. Schueffel, “Taming the Beast: A Scientific Definition of Fintech,” Journal of Innovation Management Schueffel JIM, vol. 4, pp. 32–54, 2016.
[15] K. Leong and A. Sung, “FinTech (Financial Technology): What is It and How to Use Technologies to Create Business Value in Fintech Way?,” International Journal of Innovation, Management and Technology, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 74–78, 2018, doi: 10.18178/ijimt.2018.9.2.791.
[16] H. Liu, P. Yao, S. Latif, S. Aslam, and N. Iqbal, “Impact of Green financing, FinTech, and financial inclusion on energy efficiency,” Environmental Science and Pollution Research, vol. 29, no. 13, pp. 18955–18966, Mar. 2022, doi: 10.1007/s11356-021-16949-x.
[17] I. Lee and Y. J. Shin, “Fintech: Ecosystem, business models, investment decisions, and challenges,” Bus Horiz, vol. 61, no. 1, pp. 35–46, Jan. 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.bushor.2017.09.003.
[18] K. Davis, R. Maddock, and M. Foo, “Catching up with indonesia’s fintech industry,” Law and Financial Markets Review, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 33–40, Jan. 2017, doi: 10.1080/17521440.2017.1336398.
[19] H. Gimpel, D. Rau, and M. Röglinger, “Understanding FinTech start-ups – a taxonomy of consumer-oriented service offerings,” Electronic Markets, vol. 28, no. 3, pp. 245–264, Aug. 2018, doi: 10.1007/s12525-017-0275-0.
[20] A. Tritto, Y. He, and V. A. Junaedi, “Governing the gold rush into emerging markets: a case study of Indonesia’s regulatory responses to the expansion of Chinese-backed online P2P lending,” Financial Innovation, vol. 6, no. 1, Dec. 2020, doi: 10.1186/s40854-020-00202-4.
[21] E. Tan and M. Syahwildan, “Financial Technology dan Kinerja Berkelanjutan Usaha Mikro Kecil : Mediasi Literasi Keuangan dan Inklusi Keuangan,” Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen dan Bisnis, vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 1–22, 2022, doi: 10.30596/jimb.v23i1.8535.
[22] M. Afdi, “Munich Personal RePEc Archive Financial Technology (Fintech): It’s Concept and Implementation in Indonesia,” Munich Personal RePEc Archive, pp. 1–15, 2017.
[23] R. Nadhifah and M. Anwar, “Pengaruh Literasi Keuangan Dan Toleransi Risiko Terhadap Keputusan Investasi ( Studi Pada Warga Desa Sekapuk Kabupaten Gresik ),” JURNAL ILMIAH EKONOMI DAN BISNIS, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 1–11, 2021.
[24] B. Permata Sari, D. Rimbano, B. Marselino, G. Rusydi, R. I. Putra, and H. E. Mbeko, “Determinasi Literasi Keuangan dan Inklusi Keuangan Terhadap Kinerja dan Keberlangsungan Usaha UMKM,” Owner: Riset & Jurnal Akuntansi, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 2840–2849, Jul. 2022, doi: 10.33395/owner.v6i3.928.
[25] M. F. Alamsyah, “Pengaruh literasi keuangan dan kualitas manajemen keuangan terhadap kinerja keuangan pada ukm meubel di kota gorontalo,” FORUM EKONOMI, vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 245–255, 2020, [Online]. Available: http://journal.feb.unmul.ac.id/index.php/FORUMEKONOMI
[26] C. P. Lakuma, R. Marty, and F. Muhumuza, “Financial inclusion and micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) growth in Uganda,” J Innov Entrep, vol. 8, no. 1, Dec. 2019, doi: 10.1186/s13731-019-0110-2.
[27] OJK, “SNLIK OJK 2022: INDEKS LITERASI DAN INKLUSI KEUANGAN MASYARAKAT MENINGKAT,” SNKI. Accessed: Apr. 19, 2023. [Online]. Available: https://snki.go.id/snlik-ojk-2022-indeks-literasi-dan-inklusi-keuangan-masyarakat-meningkat/
[28] E. Haryono, “INKLUSI KEUANGAN DAN PEMBIAYAAN UMKM KUNCI DALAM MENDORONG EKONOMI INKLUSIF,” Departemen Komunikasi BI. Accessed: Apr. 19, 2023. [Online]. Available: https://www.bi.go.id/id/publikasi/ruang-media/news-release/Pages/sp_2412822.aspx
[29] M. Eton, F. Mwosi, C. Okello-Obura, A. Turyehebwa, and G. Uwonda, “Financial inclusion and the growth of small medium enterprises in Uganda: empirical evidence from selected districts in Lango sub-region,” J Innov Entrep, vol. 10, no. 1, Dec. 2021, doi: 10.1186/s13731-021-00168-2.
[30] M. Faizal, Sumardjo, A. Saleh, and P. Muljono, “Pengembangan Kemandirian Pelaku Usaha Mikro dan Kecil dalam Implementasi Tanggungjawab Sosial Perusahaan di Kabupaten Bogor Jawa Barat,” Disertasi, IPB (Bogor Agricultural University), Bogor, 2014. Accessed: Apr. 20, 2023. [Online]. Available: https://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/70057?show=full
[31] V. A. Yanti, S. Amanah, P. Muldjono, and P. Asngari, “FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI KEBERLANJUTAN USAHA MIKRO KECIL MENENGAH DI BANDUNG DAN BOGOR,” Jurnal Pengkajian dan Pengembangan Teknologi Pertanian, vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 137–148, 2018.
[32] K. Ratnawati, “The Influence of Financial Inclusion on MSMEs’ Performance Through Financial Intermediation and Access to Capital,” Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, vol. 7, no. 11, pp. 205–218, 2020, doi: 10.13106/jafeb.2020.vol7.no11.205.
[33] I. Ghozali, Aplikasi Analisis Multivariate Dengan Program IBM SPSS 25, 9th ed. Semarang: Universitas Diponegoro, 2018.
[34] J. F. H. Jr, G. T. M. Hult, C. M. Ringle, M. Sarstedt, N. P. Danks, and S. Ray, “Using R: A workbook,” Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), 2021.
[35] M. J. Lachowicz, K. J. Preacher, and K. Kelley, “A novel measure of effect size for mediation analysis,” Psychol Methods, vol. 23, no. 2, 2018, doi: 10.1037/met0000165.
[36] P. A. Sanistasya, K. Rahardjo, and M. Iqbal, “Pengaruh Literasi Keuangan dan Inklusi Keuangan Terhadap Kinerja Usaha Kecil di Kalimantan Timur,” 2018. [Online]. Available: https://journal.uny.ac.id/index.php/economia
[37] G. O. Candiya Bongomin, J. C. Munene, J. M. Ntayi, and C. A. Malinga, “Financial literacy in emerging economies: Do all components matter for financial inclusion of poor households in rural Uganda?,” Managerial Finance, vol. 43, no. 12, 2017, doi: 10.1108/MF-04-2017-0117.
[38] N. E. Cahyawati, K. H. Nantungga, and Y. K. Tumewang, “The influence of financial technology & literacy on MSMEs sustainability with financial inclusion as a mediating variable,” Journal of Contemporary Accounting, pp. 71–82, Aug. 2023, doi: 10.20885/jca.vol5.iss2.art2.
Published
2024-05-06
Section
Artikel
The Authors submitting a manuscript do so on the understanding that if accepted for publication, copyright of the article shall be assigned to Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi & Sosial and Faculty of Ekonomi, Musamus University as publisher of the journal.
Â
