Plagiarism occurs when an author uses another person's work, ideas, words, data, arguments, or intellectual contributions without appropriate permission, citation, credit, or acknowledgment.

Plagiarism may take different forms, including direct copying, substantial copying, inappropriate paraphrasing, and the use of another person's ideas or intellectual contributions without proper attribution.

Literal Copying

Literal copying refers to reproducing another work word for word, either in whole or in part, without appropriate citation, permission, or acknowledgment of the original source. Such copying may constitute plagiarism when the original source is not properly acknowledged.

Substantial Copying

Substantial copying refers to reproducing a substantial part of another work without appropriate citation or acknowledgment. In determining whether copying is substantial, both the quantity and quality of the copied material are considered. Plagiarism may occur when the essential or distinctive elements of another work are reproduced, even if only a relatively small portion has been copied.

Inappropriate Paraphrasing

Inappropriate paraphrasing occurs when an author reproduces the ideas, structure, arguments, or essential meaning of another work while changing only the wording or sentence structure without providing appropriate citation or acknowledgment.

Self-Plagiarism

Self-plagiarism refers to the substantial reuse of an author's own previously published work, text, data, or ideas without proper citation, acknowledgment, or disclosure. Authors must clearly identify and cite their previous publications when relevant material is reused.

All manuscripts submitted to MJME are subject to plagiarism and similarity screening as part of the initial editorial process.

The MJME Editorial Board conducts plagiarism screening using Turnitin. The screening is normally conducted before the manuscript proceeds to the peer review process and may be repeated during the revision or publication stages when necessary.

The Editorial Board evaluates the similarity report by considering the nature, source, location, and context of the identified similarities. Similarity resulting from properly cited quotations, references, common terminology, or other legitimate sources may be assessed differently from unattributed or inappropriate text reuse.

MJME applies a maximum overall similarity threshold of 25% for manuscripts submitted for publication.

The Editorial Board will ensure that every published article has an overall similarity score of no more than 25% based on the Turnitin similarity report.

A manuscript with a similarity score exceeding 25% will undergo further editorial examination. The manuscript may be returned to the authors for revision and clarification or rejected if the identified similarities are determined to constitute plagiarism, inappropriate text reuse, or other forms of academic misconduct.

If plagiarism or inappropriate text reuse is suspected, the Editorial Board will conduct an investigation based on the available evidence and the Turnitin similarity report.

The authors may be contacted and asked to provide clarification or an explanation regarding the identified similarities. Depending on the nature and severity of the issue, the authors may be required to revise the manuscript, provide appropriate citations and acknowledgments, or submit additional clarification.

If substantial plagiarism, self-plagiarism, or serious academic misconduct is confirmed, the manuscript may be rejected immediately. The Editorial Board may also take further action in accordance with the journal's Publication Ethics and applicable publication ethics standards.

If plagiarism, self-plagiarism, or other serious academic misconduct is discovered after an article has been published, MJME reserves the right to investigate the case and take appropriate corrective action.

Depending on the severity of the violation, corrective actions may include publishing a correction, issuing an editorial notice, or retracting the article in accordance with applicable publication ethics standards.

The action taken will be determined by the Editor-in-Chief and Editorial Board based on the evidence available and the seriousness of the violation.

Authors are fully responsible for ensuring the originality and academic integrity of their submitted manuscripts.

• Authors must submit only original work.
• All sources, ideas, quotations, data, and materials obtained from other works must be properly cited and acknowledged.
• Authors must not submit the same manuscript simultaneously to more than one journal.
• Authors must disclose relevant previously published work when substantial material is reused.
• Authors must ensure that research data and findings are accurate and reliable.
• Authors must cooperate with the Editorial Board in addressing any questions regarding plagiarism or text similarity.

By submitting a manuscript to MJME, authors acknowledge and agree to comply with the journal's plagiarism policy and publication ethics requirements.