Musamus Journal of Physical Education and Sport (MJPES)

Changes in Vertical Jump Performance Following a Four-Week Agility-Ladder Program in Amateur Football Players

Lalu Muh. Alwan Ardiansyah — 2026-09-02

Objectives: This study examined changes in lower-limb explosive performance after a four-week agility-ladder training program among Germa FC football players.

Materials and Methods: A one-group pretest-posttest design was used. Twenty players were purposively selected from a population of 25. Participants completed 12 supervised sessions over four weeks (three sessions per week). The 90-minute sessions included 45 minutes of ladder exercises comprising One-In Drill, Two-In Drill, Lateral Shuffle, In-In-Out-Out, Single-Leg Hops, and Icky Shuffle. Vertical jump height was measured before and after the program. Normality was assessed with the Shapiro-Wilk test, and scores were compared using a two-tailed paired-samples t-test at α = .05.

Results: Mean vertical jump height increased from 43.65 ± 4.44 cm to 58.98 ± 6.01 cm. The mean improvement was 15.33 cm (35.12%), 95% CI [12.88, 17.78]. The paired comparison was statistically significant, t(19) = 13.09, p < .001, with a very large standardized within-participant effect (Cohen’s dz = 2.92).

Conclusions: Vertical jump performance improved substantially during the four-week program. Because the intervention combined footwork and hopping exercises and the study lacked a control group, the improvement cannot be attributed exclusively to the agility ladder. Controlled trials should compare ladder-only, plyometric, combined, and regular-training conditions.

Effects of Dumbbell-Resisted Punch Drills on Jab-Straight Punching Speed in Muay Thai Athletes

Maela Dwi Rahayu — 2026-09-02

Objectives: This study examined whether six weeks of dumbbell-resisted punch drills improved jab-straight punching speed in Muay Thai athletes.

Materials and Methods: A one-group pretest-posttest design was used. Sixteen athletes aged 17-30 years were purposively selected from 25 active members of the Rinjani Muaythai Boxing Club, East Lombok. Participants completed 18 training sessions over six weeks (three sessions per week). The main exercise comprised four sets of 15-20 alternating jab-straight repetitions while holding a 1-kg dumbbell in each hand, with progressive increases in repetition number and intended movement speed. Punching performance was assessed as the best number of valid target contacts achieved across three 30-second trials. Data were analyzed using the Shapiro-Wilk test and a paired-samples t-test at α = .05.

Results: Mean punch count increased from 72.94 ± 5.34 to 82.63 ± 4.90 contacts per 30 seconds, corresponding to a mean gain of 9.69 contacts (13.28%). The change was statistically significant, t(15) = 14.90, p < .001, 95% CI [8.30, 11.07], with a large standardized within-participant effect (Cohen’s dz = 3.73).

Conclusions: A six-week program of light dumbbell-resisted, technique-specific punch drills was associated with a substantial improvement in repeated jab-straight punching speed. The method may be incorporated cautiously as a supplementary exercise, but controlled trials are required before the improvement can be attributed solely to the intervention

Wearable-Based Monitoring of Physical Fitness Among University Students: A Descriptive Study

Ridwan — 2026-09-02

Objectives: This study described the use of smartwatch-based monitoring and the physical-fitness profile of Physical Education students at Universitas Hamzanwadi.

Materials and Methods: A quantitative cross-sectional descriptive survey was conducted in February 2026. All 10 students in the accessible population (five men and five women) were included through total sampling. Data were collected using a 21-item, four-point Likert questionnaire covering smartwatch knowledge, perceived usefulness, usage, barriers, future-use intention, and physical-activity motivation, together with smartwatch-derived indicators such as heart rate, steps, activity duration, and activity intensity. The available fitness data were summarized using the mean and standard deviation.

Results: The composite physical-fitness score had a mean of 66.8 and a standard deviation of 4.83. The relatively small dispersion indicated limited between-participant variability within this group. The smartwatch provided an accessible means of recording activity-related indicators; however, the dataset did not support causal conclusions about whether smartwatch use improved fitness.

Conclusions: Smartwatches have practical potential as self-monitoring tools in university physical-education settings, but the present findings should be treated as a preliminary description because of the small, single-program sample and the absence of a comparator or longitudinal assessment. Future studies should report device validity, scoring procedures, adherence, and raw activity metrics and should use larger controlled designs.

Underhand Serve Skill Profile of Elementary School Sepak Takraw Extracurricular Participants

M. Haris Suganda Bancin — 2026-09-06

Objectives: This study described the underhand serve skill profile of students participating in the sepak takraw extracurricular program at UPTD SPF SDN Tanah Bara.

Materials and Methods: A quantitative cross-sectional descriptive survey was conducted with all 15 students enrolled in the program. Underhand serve performance was assessed using the serve component of a basic sepak takraw skill test, reported in the source manuscript to have validity of 0.667 and reliability of 0.757. Scores were summarized using the mean, standard deviation, minimum, maximum, frequencies, and percentages. Performance was classified into five categories using mean-and-standard-deviation criteria.

Results: Scores ranged from 13 to 42, with a mean of 27.47 and a standard deviation of 8.31. One student (6.67%) was classified as very good, 4 (26.67%) as good, 5 (33.33%) as fair, 4 (26.67%) as poor, and 1 (6.67%) as very poor. The fair category was the modal category. Five students were above fair and five were below fair.

Conclusions: Underhand serve performance was heterogeneous and centered on the fair category. Coaches should use individual scores to differentiate practice, emphasizing consistent toss timing, supporting-leg balance, foot-ball contact, and target placement. Standardized reassessment is recommended after a documented training cycle.

Basic Futsal Skill Profile of Male Extracurricular Participants at UPT SMP Negeri 4 Medan

Mhd. Saleh Faudi Siregar — 2026-09-06

Objectives: This study described the basic futsal skill profile of male students participating in the futsal extracurricular program at UPT SMP Negeri 4 Medan.

Materials and Methods: A quantitative cross-sectional descriptive survey included all 29 male extracurricular participants. Passing, ball control, dribbling, and shooting were assessed with a timed Futsal Skill Test. Lower completion times represented better performance. Data were summarized using the mean, median, mode, standard deviation, minimum, maximum, frequencies, and percentages.

Results: Completion time ranged from 38.81 to 59.29 seconds (47.91 ± 6.42 seconds; median 48.33). Seven students (24.14%) were classified as excellent, 4 (13.79%) as very good, 4 (13.79%) as good, 5 (17.24%) as fair, 6 (20.69%) as poor, and 3 (10.34%) as very poor. The excellent category was the largest single category, but 9 students (31.03%) were poor or very poor.

Conclusions: The group displayed marked variation in integrated futsal performance. Coaches should use individual times and component errors to provide differentiated practice in passing, control, dribbling, and shooting. The categories are local to this group and should not be interpreted as population norms.

Fifth-Grade Students’ Knowledge of Basic Swimming Movements at SD Negeri 107430 Galang

Yabes Hizkia Pardede — 2026-09-06

Objectives: This study assessed fifth-grade students’ knowledge of basic swimming movements at SD Negeri 107430 Galang, with attention to swimming styles, conduct during swimming instruction, and swimming facilities and equipment.

Materials and Methods: A quantitative descriptive survey was conducted with all 29 fifth-grade students selected through total sampling. Knowledge was measured using a 28-item multiple-choice test retained from an initial 30-item pool; the source study reported a reliability coefficient of 0.959. Scores were summarized using descriptive statistics and classified into five norm-referenced categories.

Results: Scores ranged from 10 to 24, with a mean of 19.72 and a standard deviation of 3.26. Eleven students (37.93%) were classified as high, 10 (34.48%) as moderate, seven (24.14%) as low, one (3.45%) as very low, and none as very high. Thus, the high category contained the largest proportion, although 27.59% of students remained in the low or very-low categories.

Conclusions: The group demonstrated generally favorable theoretical knowledge of basic swimming movements, but the distribution indicates meaningful learning gaps. Classroom instruction should therefore be strengthened with systematic water-safety content and, where feasible, supervised practical aquatic experiences and authentic competence assessment.

Mental Toughness of Badminton Athletes at Bina Guna College of Sports and Health: A Descriptive Mixed-Methods Study

Yoan Tulus Marpaung — 2026-09-06

Objectives: To describe the mental toughness and competition-related psychological readiness of badminton athletes in the Student Activity Unit (UKM) at Bina Guna College of Sports and Health (STOK Bina Guna), Medan, in 2026.

Materials and Methods: A descriptive mixed-methods design was used at STOK Bina Guna from March to April 2026. The study involved the 25 registered badminton UKM athletes and drew additional information from coaches and administrators. Quantitative data were obtained from a 20-item, five-point Likert questionnaire; qualitative data came from semi-structured interviews, direct and reflective field notes, observation, and organizational documents. Questionnaire and documentation scores were summarized as percentages, while qualitative data were reduced, coded, displayed, and verified. Credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability procedures supported trustworthiness.

Results: The questionnaire yielded an overall mental-readiness score of 86.3% (good). The interview assessment reported 91.8% (very good), and documentation analysis yielded 90.5% (very good). Supporting indicators included 85.9% attendance across 20 scheduled sessions, 85.7% facility availability, and 100% completeness of the documented training program. Qualitative findings nevertheless identified pre-competition fear, anxiety, low self-confidence, and difficulty maintaining focus, alongside perceived benefits of structured training, practice matches, coach support, teamwork, and competition exposure.

Conclusions: The athletes displayed generally favorable mental-readiness indicators, but competition-specific anxiety and attentional disruption remained important concerns. Structured psychological-skills practice should therefore be integrated into regular badminton training. Because instrument psychometrics, subgroup characteristics, and the derivation of an overall composite score were not reported, the findings should be interpreted descriptively rather than as evidence of intervention effectiveness.

Fifth-Grade Students’ Knowledge of Basic Swimming Movements at SD Negeri 107430 Galang

Yuda Hadi Prawira — 2026-09-06

A Local Wisdom Based Physical Education Learning Model to Enhance the Character and Health of Elementary School Students in Bima

M Ikbal — 2026-09-14

Objectives: This study aims to develop a physical education learning model based on local wisdom, utilizing the Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) approach, to enhance the character and health of elementary school students in Bima.

Materials and Methods: This study employed the Research and Development (R&D) method, adapting the Borg & Gall model. The research stages included a preliminary study, planning, initial product development, expert validation, limited trials, revision, field trials, and model refinement. The subjects consisted of 120 fourth and fifth-grade students, eight physical education teachers, and two expert validators. The instruments used were an expert validation questionnaire, an observation sheet, a physical fitness test, and a character questionnaire. Data were analyzed using feasibility percentages, implementation percentages, and paired t-tests.

Results: The research results indicate that the developed learning model possesses a high level of validity, with an average score of 88,67% (highly feasible). A limited trial demonstrated a 90,67% implementation rate, with teacher and student activities falling into the "Excellent" category and student responses being highly positive. Field trials revealed significant improvements in student character (27%) and physical fitness (28%), with a significance level of p < 0.05.

Conclusions: A physical education learning model based on local wisdom and utilizing the Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) approach meets the criteria of validity, practicality, and effectiveness. Integrating traditional Bima games offers a contextual learning alternative that supports the development of students' character and physical fitness.

The Effect of Local Wisdom-Based Football Games on Elementary School Students’ Motivation in Physical Education Learning

Arifuddin Arifuddin — 2026-09-15

Objective:This study aimed to determine the effect of local wisdom-based football games on students’ motivation to learn Physical Education, Sport, and Health (PESH) at Rato Public Elementary School, Lambu District, Bima Regency.

Materials and Methods:This quantitative study employed a pre-experimental one-group pretest–posttest design. The participants were 16 third-grade students from Rato Public Elementary School. Data were collected using a PESH learning motivation questionnaire administered before and after the intervention. The data were analyzed using a normality test and a paired-samples t-test.

Results:The findings demonstrated a significant improvement in students’ motivation to learn PESH following their participation in local wisdom-based football games. These results indicate that integrating Mbojo local wisdom into football activities can create a more engaging, meaningful, and culturally relevant learning experience for elementary school students.

Conclusion:Local wisdom-based football games can serve as an enjoyable and contextual learning strategy for enhancing elementary school students’ motivation to learn PESH while preserving Mbojo cultural values. The study’s main contribution lies in integrating local cultural wisdom into football-based learning activities. However, the one-group pretest–posttest design, absence of a control group, and relatively small sample limit the generalizability of the findings. Future research should employ a controlled experimental design with a larger sample to strengthen the validity of the results. These findings provide practical implications for developing culturally responsive PESH learning models in elementary schools.