Musamus Journal of Physical Education and Sport (MJPES)

The relationship of some forms of motor coordination to the accuracy of serving and hitting high aces in youth volleyball

Ahmed Hassan Saber Al Kaabi — 2025-12-19

Introduction: A volleyball player must possess the ability of motor coordination in order to help move quickly and powerfully on the court while executing the skill of serving and hitting aces. The researcher observed that there is a clear weakness in the level of accuracy of the technical performance of the two offensive skills by most of the players of the participating teams. The aim of the research is to identify the relationship between some forms of motor coordination and the accuracy of the performance of serving and hitting high aces in youth volleyball. Research hypotheses: There is a statistically significant correlation between some forms of motor coordination and the accuracy of the performance of the skills of serving and hitting high aces in youth volleyball. Research methodology and field procedures: The researcher used the descriptive method with a correlational approach. The research community is represented by the players of Qatar's youth volleyball clubs, and the research sample is the players of Naft Maysan youth volleyball club and their number (12) players who participated in the game league for the season (2024). Conclusions The results showed that there is a statistically significant correlation between motor coordination (strength characterized by speed, flexibility and motor coordination) and the accuracy of the performance of the skill of high aces among youth volleyball players. Recommendations Emphasize the importance of developing the ability of motor coordination in the stages of preparation in general and the youth category in particular, due to its importance in the accuracy of performing the skills of serving and hitting high aces in youth volleyball.

The Effect of Compound Exercises on the Effectiveness of Offensive Tactical Performance of Youth Football Players

Jaafar AbdAbu Al-Thar Abd — 2025-12-19

The significance of this study emerged from the use of compound exercises (technical-tactical) aimed at developing the effectiveness of offensive tactical performance of attacking players in the final third of the football field. Additionally, these exercises help improve the overall capabilities of players during competition and enable them to make correct decisions during tactical performance, which enhances teamwork and cohesion when the attack is collective. The study aimed to design compound exercises for youth football players and to examine their impact on the effectiveness of offensive tactical performance.

The researcher hypothesized that compound exercises have a positive effect on the offensive tactical performance of the experimental group, as evidenced by the comparison between pre-test and post-test results. The compound exercises significantly improved the post-test performance of the experimental group compared to the control group in terms of offensive tactical effectiveness.

The research methodology followed an experimental design, utilizing both experimental and control groups to suit the research problem and achieve its objectives. The study population consisted of youth players from clubs in the center of Wasit Governorate participating in the provincial league for the 2023–2024 season, totaling 167 players across 8 clubs (as shown in Table 3). The research sample was purposively selected, consisting solely of attacking players: Wasit Club as the experimental group with 8 players, and Al-Shohada Club as the control group with 8 players.

After conducting the pre-test, applying the compound exercises, and performing the post-test, the data were analyzed statistically using the SPSS statistical package. Following the discussion of the results, the researcher concluded that the designed compound exercises produced positive outcomes in offensive tactical performance due to their high similarity to competitive football matches. The integration of all football skills—including passing, shooting, dribbling, receiving, rolling, and the interconnection of these skills—contributed to enhancing the effectiveness of offensive tactical performance in the experimental group.

Momentum and its relationship to futsal league players

Ahmed Rabie Abdel Ali — 2025-12-19

The aim of this research is to explore the relationship between psychological momentum and the performance of futsal league players. The aim is to determine how psychological momentum affects individual and team performance, as well as how various psychological factors influence improved athletic performance. The methodology relied on a descriptive-analytical study design, using Vallerand's Psychological Momentum (PM) questionnaires to assess players' psychological momentum. The research population included all professional futsal players in the National League during the 2025 season . A stratified random sample of 150 players from 10 teams was selected. Data were collected through pre- and post-match questionnaires, in addition to performance statistics extracted from official sources. The results showed a strong positive relationship between psychological momentum and player performance, with higher psychological momentum significantly associated with scoring goals and assists. The results also showed that psychological momentum was higher before matches but decreased after the competition, reflecting the psychological pressures players experience during play. The study also revealed statistically significant differences in psychological momentum between teams. The study confirms that psychological momentum is a crucial factor in enhancing athletic performance. Therefore , coaches and sports specialists should develop training programs that enhance players' psychological momentum, which contributes to improving their performance and achieving better results in competitions.

Assessment of the General Health of Students of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences – University of Samarra According to Some Physiological and Physical Indicators

Majdaldeen Mohammed Saleh Al-Samarraie — 2025-12-19

This research was based on studying the physiological and physical fitness of students in the College of Physical Education and Sport Sciences of the University of Samarra in terms of body mass index (BMI), physical fitness, and cardiorespiratory efficiency in relation to four academic levels. The study sample had 216 students. To determine the cardiorespiratory capacity and physical fitness we used the Harvard Step Test and the Wingate anaerobic test. The result showed that most of the students had a healthy body composition according to the BMI criteria, and their physical fitness and cardiorespiratory efficiency showed a gradual increase upon academic levels, which could be attributed to the continuous engagement of organized physical activities within the academic curriculum. It was also found that, there is a relationship between aerobic and anaerobic systems, which assist the body in adapting and making the students more consistent. Based on the results, one can recommend continuing to work on the development of effective exercise programs, conducting regular assessments, and stimulating interest in sports events in universities and extracurricular sports activities to improve fitness and overall health.

Efficiency of adaptable leadership in enhancing administrative development procedures in certain Ministry of Youth and Sports departments

Diyar Fakhrulddin Mohammed — 2025-12-19

In this paper, the present study attempts to determine how much flexible leadership has been conducted in practice, specifically in selected departments of the Ministry of Youth and Sports. It does so by investigating the extent to which flexible leadership can enhance administrative development practices, identifying the most common obstacles that prevent administrative leaders from adopting flexible strategies and offering a list of suggestions that may help improve the application of flexible leadership and in turn close the gaps between flexibility leadership skills and administrative performance. The study group included the Department of Regional and Provincial Affairs, the Department of Sports Medicine, and the Department of Physical Education with a staff population total of 452 employees. The researcher applied a 75% participation level, and 339 employees were chosen as the research sample. Based on the study criteria, a subset of the first dataset was further categorized into three subsets: pilot sample, control sample and an application sample. The three samples were distributed using simple random sampling. The most important findings include: flexible leadership is based on a deep belief that the quality of decisions is directly related to the extent of stakeholder participation; change and mistakes are part of learning; there is an implicit recognition that creative initiatives may not always succeed; and human resources are considered an investment, not a mere resource, and are treated as a long-term asset. In the long run, by linking performance evaluation to improving capabilities and providing equal opportunities for growth, the researcher recommended creating a department to pay attention to those who fail instead of just praising initiatives. A budget or pre-programmed time should be allocated for creative projects (whether individual or group) that are given the right to fail without disciplinary consequences. The principle of organizational justice should be generalized instead of general promises, by creating a visible system for distributing tasks and opportunities based on the skill level and experience of employees. Non-technical staff (from each department) should be appointed to become "technology ambassadors" after intensive training. Their task is to simplify new technical systems for their colleagues and collect their feedback.

Arm Length and Hand–Eye Coordination Correlates of Underhand Passing at SMA Negeri 1 Sanggau

Agus Tri Wibowo — 2025-12-19

Objective:To examine the relationship between arm length and hand–eye coordination with volleyball underhand passing ability among male extracurricular students at SMA Negeri 1 Sanggau.

Materials and Methods:A quantitative correlational study was conducted with total sampling of 30 male volleyball extracurricular students. Arm length, hand–eye coordination, and underhand passing performance were assessed using test and measurement instruments. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and multiple correlation at α = 0.05.

Results:Arm length showed a strong significant correlation with underhand passing (r = 0.826 > r-table = 0.631), while hand–eye coordination was not significant (r = 0.053 < r-table = 0.631). Combined analysis indicated a significant relationship (p = 0.000 < 0.05) with R² = 0.683.

Conclusion:Arm length is a key factor associated with underhand passing ability. Although hand–eye coordination alone was not significant, both variables together significantly contributed to underhand passing performance, explaining 68.3% of the variance.

The Relationship Between Aerobic Endurance and Playing Performance in High School Football Players

Yusril Ihzan Mahendra — 2025-12-19

Objectives: This study aimed to examine the relationship between aerobic endurance and playing performance in high school football players.

Materials and Methods: Participants were male high school football players from SMAN 1 Langgudu, SMAN 2 Langgudu, and SMK 1 Langgudu. Aerobic endurance was assessed using the Multistage Fitness Test (beep test) to estimate VO₂max. Playing performance was evaluated through structured match observations using key indicators, including passing accuracy, ball control, defensive contribution, and tactical decision-making. Pearson’s correlation analysis was applied with a significance level of 0.05.

Results: The results indicated a significant positive correlation between aerobic endurance and playing performance (r = [insert value], p < 0.05). Players with higher estimated VO₂max scores tended to show better match consistency, more effective technical execution, and greater overall contribution during competitive play compared with players who had lower endurance levels.

Conclusions: Aerobic endurance is positively associated with playing performance in high school football players. These findings highlight the importance of integrating endurance-oriented training within youth football development programs to support improved match performance.

Zigzag Dribbling Training Improves Dribbling Performance in SSB Samudera Players

Hadimansyah — 2025-12-19

Objectives: This study aimed to analyze the effect of zigzag dribbling training on improving the ball dribbling skills of youth soccer players at SSB Samudera .

Materials and Methods: The research employed a quasi-experimental design with a one-group pretest–posttest method. Twenty male players aged 13–15 years participated. The intervention consisted of zigzag dribbling exercises performed three times per week for six weeks. Dribbling ability was measured using the Mor -Christian General Soccer Ability Test. The data were analyzed with paired sample t-tests at a significance level of 0.05.

Results: The results showed a significant improvement in dribbling performance. The average pretest time was 15.84 seconds, and the average posttest time was 13.97 seconds. Statistical analysis confirmed a significant difference between pretest and posttest results (t = 9.26, p < 0.001).

Conclusions: Zigzag dribbling training effectively enhances dribbling skills in youth soccer players by improving agility, coordination, and ball control. Coaches are recommended to incorporate this method into their training programs to optimize technical development in young athletes.

Circuit Training Improves VO₂max in AF Gempa Bumi Pai Football Players (Wera Subdistrict)

Fahrur Rizky — 2025-12-19

Objective : Study This aim For know influence circuit training to improvement player's VO₂ Max capacity Football Club Association Football Earthquake Pie Subdistrict Wera .

Material And Method : Study use design experiment quasi - experimental with a one group pretest–posttest design model . Sample study consists of of 20 players selected football purposively . Instrument VO₂ Max measurement using Multistage Fitness Test (Bleep Test) . Exercise program circuit training implemented for 6 weeks with frequency 3 times per week . Data analysis using test paired sample t-test For test difference VO₂ Max value before And after treatment .

Results : Results study show existence improvement significant VO₂ Max value after treatment (p < 0.05 ) . The average VO₂ Max increased from 42.5 ml/kg/min to 47.8 ml/kg/min, so show that training program give influence positive to capacity aerobics player .

Conclusion : Circuit training influential significant to increase in player's VO₂ Max football . This program can made into alternative exercise physique For increase Power stand cardiorespiratory players at the level club

Assessment of Facilities and Infrastructure for Physical Education at SMP Negeri 5 Sigi

Rivalwan — 2025-12-19

Efficiency learning eye lesson education physical , sports , and health very helped with availability means And infrastructure education physical . However , the situation on the ground show that Lots schools , especially those in rural areas , are still face constraint in provide facility the purpose . from study This is For know condition means And infrastructure education physical education at SMP Negeri 5 Sigi.

Objectives. Goal study This is For know availability Means And Infrastructure Education Physical Sports and Health at SMP Negeri 5 Sigi.

Materials and Methods. Types study This is Survey with method study Descriptive Quantitative , population in study This is SMP Negeri 5 Sigi.

Results. Ratio means And infrastructure education physical education at SMP Negeri 5 Sigi varies . For example , the volleyball equipment at SMP Negeri 5 Sigi amount to two ball fruit , while The ideal number of Minister of National Education Regulations is at least six fruit ball with percentage of 33.33% is classified as lack of equipment football at SMP Negeri 5 Sigi there are five balls , meanwhile The ideal number of Minister of National Education Regulations is at least six fruit ball with percentage of 83.33% is classified as very good ; and basketball equipment at SMP Negeri 5 Sigi amount to two fruit ball, Equipment Athletics at SMP Negeri 5 Sigi consists of of 5 pieces , while ideal number of Permendiknas ( javelin , discus , shot put , baton) relay , tub jump ) with percentage 100% is classified as very good . Equipment gymnastics at SMP Negeri 5 Sigi consists of of 2 pieces , while ideal number of Permendiknas ( mattresses , crates jump rope jump , hoop , plastic ball , stick , crossbar single , bracelets ) minimum 8 pieces .

Conclusion . Meanwhile results evaluation to condition means And infrastructure education physical And sport And health at SMP Negeri 5 Sigi very Good For branch sport athletics And football , but Still not enough For branch sports such as basketball, volleyball , and exercise .

The Relationship Between Peripheral Vision, Visual Imagery, and Skill Performance in the Indirect Simple Attack with Direction Change Among Fencing Athletes in the Third Stage.

Isam mansoor Mohin alhameed — 2025-12-20

The importance of the research lies in studying the relationship between peripheral vision, visual imagery, and the skill performance of the indirect simple attack with direction change. The problem of the research, through the researcher's experience as a fencing instructor and from observing most of the lessons, was the noticeable weakness among female students, in particular, in learning the indirect simple attack with direction change. Hence, the researcher decided to study this problem by exploring the relationship between peripheral vision, visual imagery, and the skill performance of the indirect simple attack with direction change.The objectives of the research are:- To identify the levels of peripheral vision and visual imagery among third-stage female students in the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at Al-Ayen Iraqi Private University.- To determine the level of skill performance of the indirect simple attack with direction change among third-stage female students in the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at Al-Ayen Iraqi Private University.- To explore the relationship between peripheral vision, visual imagery, and the skill performance of the indirect simple attack with direction change among third-stage female students in the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at Al-Ayen Iraqi Private University.The researcher used the descriptive method with a correlational approach as it suits solving the problem. The research population consisted of third-stage female students in the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at Al-Ayen Iraqi Private University for the academic year 2025-2026, totaling 31 students. A sample of 20 students was selected, representing 64.51% of the population.Among the most important conclusions is that peripheral vision and visual imagery have a direct relationship with the evaluation of the skill performance of the indirect simple attack with direction change.