Musamus Journal of Physical Education and Sport (MJPES)

Eye-Hand Coordination and Arm Muscle Power as Predictors of Tennis Serve Ability among Physical Education Students

Agus Tri Wibowo — 2026-07-06

Objectives: This study aimed to determine the relationship between eye-hand coordination and arm muscle power with tennis serve ability among students of the Faculty of Sports and Health Education, Universitas PGRI Pontianak.

Materials and Methods: This research used a quantitative correlational design. The participants were 28 students selected through purposive sampling. Eye-hand coordination was measured using the racket-wall bounce test, arm muscle power using the medicine ball overhead throw test, and tennis serve ability using the ITF Hewitt Tennis Skills Test. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, normality and linearity tests, Pearson product-moment correlation, and multiple correlation analysis.

Results: Eye-hand coordination had a significant positive relationship with tennis serve ability (r = 0.949 > r table = 0.347). Arm muscle power also showed a significant positive relationship with serve ability (r = 0.950 > r table = 0.347). Simultaneously, eye-hand coordination and arm muscle power were strongly related to tennis serve ability, as indicated by F change significance = 0.000 < 0.05 and R² = 0.979.

Conclusions: Eye-hand coordination and arm muscle power are important biomotor components associated with tennis serve performance. These findings suggest that tennis learning and training programs should integrate visual-motor coordination drills and explosive arm-power exercises to improve serve accuracy, consistency, and power.

The Dynamics of Participation in Physical Activity in the Era of Sedentary Lifestyles: An Analysis of Visit Patterns and Exercise Consistency at Fitness Centers

Bintang Oktaviandi Pratama — 2026-07-06

Objectives:
The main objective of this study is to analyze the dynamics of community physical activity participation by evaluating objective secondary attendance data. Specifically, the study aims to examine visit patterns to understand how people manage their leisure time amidst busy daily routines, and to assess exercise adherence to measure the resilience of their commitment to physical activity in a sedentary era.

Materials and Methods:
This study employed a descriptive quantitative approach with a retrospective observational design. The participants comprised 300 unique visitors from a middle-class (suburban) demographic at a commercial fitness center (Royal Gym Yon Armed 12 Kostrad) in Ngawi Regency. A total sampling technique was utilized, extracting the entire population of recorded visitors from April 1 to 30, 2026. The data collection instrument was the facility's administrative daily attendance list, focusing on three main variables: anonymized visitor ID codes, arrival dates, and arrival times. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, employing frequency distributions, percentages, and crosstabulation techniques via SPSS and Microsoft Excel.

Results:
The findings indicate a significant imbalance in visitation patterns, with peak attendance heavily concentrated on weekdays (66.0%) during the afternoon and evening hours (3:01 PM–10:00 PM), which collectively accounted for 71.5% of total visits. Despite this high volume of daily facility usage, individual exercise adherence was remarkably low. More than half of the visitors (55.0%) fell into the passive or sporadic category, visiting less than once a week. Conversely, only a minority (15.0%) maintained an active, consistent routine that met the minimum standard of at least three times per week.

Conclusions:
High public interest and visitation volume at fitness centers do not automatically translate to consistent individual exercise habits, demonstrating that having access to a gym does not guarantee success in combating a sedentary lifestyle. The practical implication of this study is that sports facility managers and public health policymakers must shift their focus from merely providing infrastructure and recruiting new members to implementing active participation retention programs, such as coaching for beginners and time-management-based physical literacy education.

Analysis of Physical Education Learning Management in Elementary Schools in Sape District, Bima Regency

Heriyanto — 2026-07-11

Objectives: This study aimed to analyze the management of Physical Education, Sports, and Health (PJOK) learning in elementary schools in Sape District, Bima Regency, with a focus on planning, organizing, implementation, and evaluation.
Materials and Methods: A quantitative descriptive survey design was employed. The participants comprised 32 PJOK teachers from 28 elementary schools in Sape District, selected using total sampling. Data were collected using a validated questionnaire covering four dimensions of learning management: planning, organizing, implementation, and evaluation. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, including percentages, mean scores, and category classifications.
Results: The findings showed that the overall management of PJOK learning was classified as very good, with an average achievement score of 83.03%. The implementation dimension obtained the highest score at 86.41%, followed by planning at 84.20% and evaluation at 82.17%. Organizing recorded the lowest score at 79.35%, although it remained within the good category. These results indicate that PJOK teachers generally managed the learning process effectively, but several aspects related to the organization of learning resources, facilities, and instructional support still require improvement.
Conclusions: PJOK learning management in elementary schools in Sape District was generally implemented effectively, particularly in the implementation and planning dimensions. However, schools should strengthen the organization and availability of learning resources and facilities. The findings provide practical implications for school administrators and local education authorities in developing teacher professional-development programs and improving facilities that support high-quality PJOK instruction.

Analysis of Motor Competence and Consistency of Basic Tennis Techniques A Comparative Study on Sixth Semester PJKR Students

Erwin Revananda Eryansyah — 2026-07-12

Objectives:
The main objective of this study was to map and comparatively analyze the achievement of motor competencies and the level of stroke consistency in basic tennis techniques (serve, forehand, and backhand) between parallel student groups in a physical education teacher education program.

Materials and Methods:
This study applied a quantitative approach with a descriptive-comparative research design. The participants consisted of 70 active sixth-semester undergraduate students majoring in Physical Education, Health, and Recreation (PJKR), divided equally into two parallel classes: Class 6A (n = 35) and Class 6B (n = 35). Data were collected during the practical Mid-Semester Exam (UTS) using a Standard Tennis Practical Assessment Rubric that measured three sub-parameters: Accuracy (AC), Technique (T), and Movement Consistency/Coordination (MC/CC). Quantitative data were analyzed through descriptive statistics and inferential comparative analysis using the Independent Samples t-Test (a = 0.05).

Results:
The descriptive findings showed that Class 6A slightly outperformed Class 6B across all basic techniques. Biomechanical alignment ("Basic Technique") was identified as the strongest parameter for both groups, whereas "Ball Accuracy" served as the primary obstacle, particularly during the backhand stroke. Inferential analysis revealed a statistically significant difference in the overall accumulated exam scores between the two classes (t = 2.214, p = 0.030). However, when dissected partially, a significant difference was observed exclusively in the service skill component (p = 0.041), while the capacity to control groundstrokes (forehand and backhand) remained statistically equivalent and uniform between the classes (p > 0.05).

Conclusions:
This study concludes that significant disparities in tennis motor competency between parallel classes are partial and primarily driven by closed motor skills (serving) rather than open motor skills (groundstrokes). In terms of practical implications, a one-size-fits-all teaching methodology should be replaced with differentiated instruction and a game-based approach post-midterm to accommodate varying group learning rates and enhance ball accuracy on the court.

Physical Activity as Worship: An Islamic Perspective on Health and Fitness

Salahudin — 2026-07-15

Objectives: This study aimed to examine the position of sport and physical activity within Islamic teachings and to explain the conditions under which physical exercise may be regarded as an act of worship. Particular attention was given to the Islamic concept of preserving the body as a trust (amanah) from Allah SWT and to the relationship between physical fitness, health, and Muslims’ spiritual responsibilities.

Materials and Methods:This study employed a qualitative literature review approach. Data were obtained from relevant primary and secondary sources, including verses of the Holy Qur’an, Prophetic traditions (Hadith), the perspectives of classical and contemporary Islamic scholars, and scientific literature concerning sport, health, and physical fitness. The selected literature was analyzed thematically to identify Islamic principles related to physical activity and to interpret their implications for health, well-being, moral development, and religious practice.

Results:The findings indicate that Islam recognizes physical health and bodily strength as important components of a balanced and responsible life. Islamic teachings encourage Muslims to maintain their health, avoid harmful behavior, and engage in beneficial physical activities. Islamic traditions also refer to activities such as archery, horse riding, swimming, running, and wrestling as practices that may develop physical competence and preparedness. Beyond their physical benefits, sports can cultivate discipline, courage, perseverance, self-control, cooperation, and sportsmanship. Regular physical activity may also improve physical fitness, endurance, mental concentration, and functional capacity, thereby supporting Muslims in performing religious obligations and daily responsibilities more effectively.

Conclusions:Sport and physical activity may be regarded as acts of worship when they are undertaken with sincere intentions, provide lawful benefits, and are practiced in accordance with Islamic ethical principles. From an Islamic perspective, caring for physical health represents part of an individual’s responsibility to preserve the body as an amanah from Allah SWT. Therefore, sport should not be understood merely as a recreational or worldly pursuit, but also as a means of promoting physical, mental, moral, and spiritual development while supporting the effective fulfillment of religious and social responsibilities.