Musamus Journal of Physical Education and Sport (MJPES)

Eye-Hand Coordination and Arm Muscle Power as Predictors of Tennis Serve Ability among Physical Education Students

Agus Tri Wibowo — Mon, 06 Jul 2026 10:53:58 +0900

Objectives: This study aimed to determine the relationship between eye-hand coordination and arm muscle power with tennis serve ability among students of the Faculty of Sports and Health Education, Universitas PGRI Pontianak.

Materials and Methods: This research used a quantitative correlational design. The participants were 28 students selected through purposive sampling. Eye-hand coordination was measured using the racket-wall bounce test, arm muscle power using the medicine ball overhead throw test, and tennis serve ability using the ITF Hewitt Tennis Skills Test. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, normality and linearity tests, Pearson product-moment correlation, and multiple correlation analysis.

Results: Eye-hand coordination had a significant positive relationship with tennis serve ability (r = 0.949 > r table = 0.347). Arm muscle power also showed a significant positive relationship with serve ability (r = 0.950 > r table = 0.347). Simultaneously, eye-hand coordination and arm muscle power were strongly related to tennis serve ability, as indicated by F change significance = 0.000 < 0.05 and R² = 0.979.

Conclusions: Eye-hand coordination and arm muscle power are important biomotor components associated with tennis serve performance. These findings suggest that tennis learning and training programs should integrate visual-motor coordination drills and explosive arm-power exercises to improve serve accuracy, consistency, and power.

The Dynamics of Participation in Physical Activity in the Era of Sedentary Lifestyles: An Analysis of Visit Patterns and Exercise Consistency at Fitness Centers

Mon, 06 Jul 2026 11:15:13 +0900

Objectives:
The main objective of this study is to analyze the dynamics of community physical activity participation by evaluating objective secondary attendance data. Specifically, the study aims to examine visit patterns to understand how people manage their leisure time amidst busy daily routines, and to assess exercise adherence to measure the resilience of their commitment to physical activity in a sedentary era.

Materials and Methods:
This study employed a descriptive quantitative approach with a retrospective observational design. The participants comprised 300 unique visitors from a middle-class (suburban) demographic at a commercial fitness center (Royal Gym Yon Armed 12 Kostrad) in Ngawi Regency. A total sampling technique was utilized, extracting the entire population of recorded visitors from April 1 to 30, 2026. The data collection instrument was the facility's administrative daily attendance list, focusing on three main variables: anonymized visitor ID codes, arrival dates, and arrival times. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, employing frequency distributions, percentages, and crosstabulation techniques via SPSS and Microsoft Excel.

Results:
The findings indicate a significant imbalance in visitation patterns, with peak attendance heavily concentrated on weekdays (66.0%) during the afternoon and evening hours (3:01 PM–10:00 PM), which collectively accounted for 71.5% of total visits. Despite this high volume of daily facility usage, individual exercise adherence was remarkably low. More than half of the visitors (55.0%) fell into the passive or sporadic category, visiting less than once a week. Conversely, only a minority (15.0%) maintained an active, consistent routine that met the minimum standard of at least three times per week.

Conclusions:
High public interest and visitation volume at fitness centers do not automatically translate to consistent individual exercise habits, demonstrating that having access to a gym does not guarantee success in combating a sedentary lifestyle. The practical implication of this study is that sports facility managers and public health policymakers must shift their focus from merely providing infrastructure and recruiting new members to implementing active participation retention programs, such as coaching for beginners and time-management-based physical literacy education.

Analysis of Physical Education Learning Management in Elementary Schools in Sape District, Bima Regency

Heriyanto, Shutan Arie Shandi, Anhar, Samsudin, Nasrullah — Sat, 11 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0900

Objectives: This study aimed to analyze the management of Physical Education, Sports, and Health (PJOK) learning in elementary schools in Sape District, Bima Regency, with a focus on planning, organizing, implementation, and evaluation.
Materials and Methods: A quantitative descriptive survey design was employed. The participants comprised 32 PJOK teachers from 28 elementary schools in Sape District, selected using total sampling. Data were collected using a validated questionnaire covering four dimensions of learning management: planning, organizing, implementation, and evaluation. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, including percentages, mean scores, and category classifications.
Results: The findings showed that the overall management of PJOK learning was classified as very good, with an average achievement score of 83.03%. The implementation dimension obtained the highest score at 86.41%, followed by planning at 84.20% and evaluation at 82.17%. Organizing recorded the lowest score at 79.35%, although it remained within the good category. These results indicate that PJOK teachers generally managed the learning process effectively, but several aspects related to the organization of learning resources, facilities, and instructional support still require improvement.
Conclusions: PJOK learning management in elementary schools in Sape District was generally implemented effectively, particularly in the implementation and planning dimensions. However, schools should strengthen the organization and availability of learning resources and facilities. The findings provide practical implications for school administrators and local education authorities in developing teacher professional-development programs and improving facilities that support high-quality PJOK instruction.

Analysis of Motor Competence and Consistency of Basic Tennis Techniques A Comparative Study on Sixth Semester PJKR Students

Sun, 12 Jul 2026 11:56:10 +0900

Objectives:
The main objective of this study was to map and comparatively analyze the achievement of motor competencies and the level of stroke consistency in basic tennis techniques (serve, forehand, and backhand) between parallel student groups in a physical education teacher education program.

Materials and Methods:
This study applied a quantitative approach with a descriptive-comparative research design. The participants consisted of 70 active sixth-semester undergraduate students majoring in Physical Education, Health, and Recreation (PJKR), divided equally into two parallel classes: Class 6A (n = 35) and Class 6B (n = 35). Data were collected during the practical Mid-Semester Exam (UTS) using a Standard Tennis Practical Assessment Rubric that measured three sub-parameters: Accuracy (AC), Technique (T), and Movement Consistency/Coordination (MC/CC). Quantitative data were analyzed through descriptive statistics and inferential comparative analysis using the Independent Samples t-Test (a = 0.05).

Results:
The descriptive findings showed that Class 6A slightly outperformed Class 6B across all basic techniques. Biomechanical alignment ("Basic Technique") was identified as the strongest parameter for both groups, whereas "Ball Accuracy" served as the primary obstacle, particularly during the backhand stroke. Inferential analysis revealed a statistically significant difference in the overall accumulated exam scores between the two classes (t = 2.214, p = 0.030). However, when dissected partially, a significant difference was observed exclusively in the service skill component (p = 0.041), while the capacity to control groundstrokes (forehand and backhand) remained statistically equivalent and uniform between the classes (p > 0.05).

Conclusions:
This study concludes that significant disparities in tennis motor competency between parallel classes are partial and primarily driven by closed motor skills (serving) rather than open motor skills (groundstrokes). In terms of practical implications, a one-size-fits-all teaching methodology should be replaced with differentiated instruction and a game-based approach post-midterm to accommodate varying group learning rates and enhance ball accuracy on the court.

Physical Activity as Worship: An Islamic Perspective on Health and Fitness

Salahudin, Nurfaigah, Furkan — Wed, 15 Jul 2026 09:51:52 +0900

Objectives: This study aimed to examine the position of sport and physical activity within Islamic teachings and to explain the conditions under which physical exercise may be regarded as an act of worship. Particular attention was given to the Islamic concept of preserving the body as a trust (amanah) from Allah SWT and to the relationship between physical fitness, health, and Muslims’ spiritual responsibilities.

Materials and Methods:This study employed a qualitative literature review approach. Data were obtained from relevant primary and secondary sources, including verses of the Holy Qur’an, Prophetic traditions (Hadith), the perspectives of classical and contemporary Islamic scholars, and scientific literature concerning sport, health, and physical fitness. The selected literature was analyzed thematically to identify Islamic principles related to physical activity and to interpret their implications for health, well-being, moral development, and religious practice.

Results:The findings indicate that Islam recognizes physical health and bodily strength as important components of a balanced and responsible life. Islamic teachings encourage Muslims to maintain their health, avoid harmful behavior, and engage in beneficial physical activities. Islamic traditions also refer to activities such as archery, horse riding, swimming, running, and wrestling as practices that may develop physical competence and preparedness. Beyond their physical benefits, sports can cultivate discipline, courage, perseverance, self-control, cooperation, and sportsmanship. Regular physical activity may also improve physical fitness, endurance, mental concentration, and functional capacity, thereby supporting Muslims in performing religious obligations and daily responsibilities more effectively.

Conclusions:Sport and physical activity may be regarded as acts of worship when they are undertaken with sincere intentions, provide lawful benefits, and are practiced in accordance with Islamic ethical principles. From an Islamic perspective, caring for physical health represents part of an individual’s responsibility to preserve the body as an amanah from Allah SWT. Therefore, sport should not be understood merely as a recreational or worldly pursuit, but also as a means of promoting physical, mental, moral, and spiritual development while supporting the effective fulfillment of religious and social responsibilities.

Effects of an Eight-Week Game-Based Training Program on VO₂max in U15 Players at SSB Nggaro Lembo Sape

M.alvin maulana, Mulyadi, Anhar, Ainun Fitriani, Nasrullah — Wed, 15 Jul 2026 12:59:40 +0900

Objectives:Game-based training is a football training method that integrates physical, Under-15 (U15) development stage, improving aerobic capacity (VO₂max) is essential for maintaining performance intensity during training and competition. This study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of a game-based training program in improving the VO₂max of U15 players at SSB Nggaro Lembo Sape.
Materials and Methods: This study employed a quantitative approach with a pre-experimental one-group pretest–posttest design. The participants were 20 male U15 football players selected through purposive sampling. The intervention consisted of a structured game-based training program conducted over eight weeks, with three training sessions per week and 20–30 minutes of core training in each session. VO₂max was estimated using the Multistage Fitness Test, also known as the Beep Test. Data were analyzed using the Shapiro–Wilk normality test and a paired-samples t-test at a significance level of α = 0.05.
Results: The mean VO₂max increased from 43.20 ± 3.60 mL·kg⁻¹·min⁻¹ at pretest to 47.00 ± 3.40 mL·kg⁻¹·min⁻¹ at posttest. The paired-samples t-test indicated a statistically significant improvement in VO₂max following the intervention (t = −6.80, p < 0.001).
Conclusions: The eight-week game-based training program significantly improved the VO₂max of U15 players at SSB Nggaro Lembo Sape. This training method may be used as an integrated and practical strategy for developing aerobic endurance in youth football training. However, the findings should be interpreted within the context of the one-group pre-experimental design

The Relationship between Daily Physical Activity, Screen Time, and Physical Fitness among Students at SMP Negeri 1 Woha

Muhammad Fikri , Ainun Fitriani, Mulyadi, Salahudin, Nasrullah — Wed, 15 Jul 2026 13:41:45 +0900

Objectives. This study aims to examine the relationship between daily physical activity, recreational screen time duration, and physical fitness in students of SMP 1 Woha, and to assess whether physical activity statistically explains the relationship between screen time and physical fitness.

Materials and Methods. This study used a correlational design with a cross-sectional approach. Daily physical activity was measured using the Indonesian version of the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents (PAQ-A). Recreational screen time was measured through brief records of the average daily time spent using smartphones, computers, and television on school days and weekends. Physical fitness was assessed using a school-based fitness test battery (speed, muscular endurance, and aerobic endurance) which was then converted into a composite fitness index. Pearson/Spearman correlation analysis and multiple linear regression (controlled for age, gender, grade, and BMI) were used to examine the relationships between variables. Optional mediation analysis was performed using the bootstrapping technique .

Results. The analysis results were entered after data processing (N, mean, standard deviation, r, β, p, and R² values). A common pattern found in the literature suggests that higher physical activity is associated with better physical fitness, while longer screen time is associated with lower physical activity and poorer fitness.

Conclusion. If the hypothesis is confirmed, these findings support school and family strategies to increase daily physical activity and reduce screen time to maintain students' physical fitness.

The Effect of Plyometric Training on Sabit Kick Speed in Pencak Silat Athletes: A One-Group Pretest-Posttest Study at Denny Wewey Club

Gio Pangestu, Widya Handayani, Putri Cicilia Kristina — Thu, 16 Jul 2026 13:14:14 +0900

Objectives: This study examined the effect of a structured plyometric training program on sabit kick speed among pencak silat athletes at Denny Wewey Club.

Materials and Methods: A quantitative quasi-experimental design with a one-group pretest-posttest approach was used. Thirty male pencak silat athletes participated through total sampling. Sabit kick speed was assessed using a 10-second kicking test before and after a 16-session plyometric intervention conducted over four weeks. The program included progressive lower-limb explosive exercises, technical integration with sabit kicks, warm-up, and cool-down under coach supervision. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality test, and a paired-samples t-test at a significance level of 0.05.

Results: The mean sabit kick speed score increased from 19.50 +/- 2.35 at pretest to 22.73 +/- 2.45 at posttest. The mean improvement was 3.23 scores, equivalent to a 16.58% increase. Normality testing showed that both pretest and posttest data were normally distributed (p = 0.200). The paired-samples t-test indicated a significant improvement after the intervention, t(29) = 24.33, p < 0.001, with a very large within-subject effect size (Cohen's dz = 4.44).

Conclusions: The plyometric training program significantly improved sabit kick speed in the pencak silat athletes. These findings support the integration of progressive plyometric exercises into supervised pencak silat conditioning programs, particularly when the objective is to develop lower-limb explosiveness and faster kicking execution.

Effects of a Pedometer-Based Exercise Intervention on Step Counts Among Older Adults

Dimyati, Fitria Dwi Andriyani, Ermawan Susanto, Yuyun Ari Wibowo — Tue, 21 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0900

Objectives: This community service program aimed to increase physical activity levels among older adults through a structured exercise intervention monitored using pedometers.

Materials and Methods: The program used a participatory community-based intervention with a descriptive quantitative approach. It consisted of eight weekly moderate-intensity exercise sessions, each lasting 45 minutes. A total of 52 older adults in Sleman, Yogyakarta, wore digital pedometers during the sessions. Step-count values below 1,000 were excluded, and the data were summarized using means, standard deviations, minimums, and maximums.

Results: The participants’ valid average step count was 2,995 ± 1,105 steps per session, with values ranging from 1,103 to 6,045 steps.

Conclusions: Moderate-intensity community exercise supported meaningful physical activity among older adults, while pedometers provided an easy-to-use, low-cost, and practical monitoring method for community-based programs.

Implementation of the Traditional Game Mpa’a Gopa to Improve Gross Motor Skills Among Students at State Elementary School 1 Simpasai, Lambu District, Bima Regency

Juliadin, Firdaus, Sri Yanti, Mulyadi, Nasrullah — Thu, 30 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0900

Objectives: This research was motivated by the low gross motor skills of elementary school students and the lack of utilization of traditional games in physical education learning at SDN 1 Simpasai, Lambu District. This study aims to analyze the effect of implementing the traditional game Mpaa Gopa on improving gross motor skills of elementary school students. The research was conducted at SDN 1 Simpasai, Lambu District, Bima Regency.

Materials and Methods: This research method used a quasi-experimental method with a one-group pretest-posttest design. The research subjects were 20 students selected using a total sampling technique. The research instrument was a gross motor ability test covering strength, balance, coordination, and agility. Data were collected through pretests and posttests, then analyzed using descriptive statistics, the Shapiro-Wilk Rayton AS R94 normality test, and a paired sample t-test using SPSS version 26 at a significance level of 0.05.

Results: The descriptive analysis results show that the average pretest score of 58.20 increased to 78.50 in the posttest. The results of the normality test indicate that the data is normally distributed with a significance value of > 0.05. Furthermore, the results of the paired sample t-test showed a significance value of 0.000 (< 0.05) with an average difference of 20.30, which means there is a significant difference between the pretest and posttest results.

Conclusions: Thus, it can be concluded that the implementation of the traditional game Mpaa Gopa has a significant impact on improving students' gross motor skills. This game is effective because it involves active, varied, and enjoyable movement activities, making it an alternative model for innovative physical education learning based on local wisdom.

Digital Overstimulation, Physical Activity, and Character Development among Generation Alpha Elementary Students

Thu, 30 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0900

Objectives:
The main objective of this study is to identify the early signs of digital overstimulation among Generation Alpha students and analyze its impact on emotional regulation and character development. Furthermore, the study tests the effectiveness of integrated physical activity as a natural buffer to mitigate these effects and foster cooperative and empathetic values within a rural elementary school environment.

Materials and Methods:
This study employed a mixed-methods approach involving 115 students at SDN Paron 1, Ngawi. Data were collected over two days using a Rating Scale 1-4 instrument designed to map digital habits and emotional behavior, complemented by direct field observations and semi-structured interviews. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, including frequency distributions and mean values, while qualitative data were processed through thematic analysis.

Results:
The results indicated that 82.7% of students experienced high to very high levels of digital overstimulation (Mean 3.42), which correlated significantly with increased emotional reactivity (tantrums) and sedentary behaviors. However, the study found that school-based interventions, specifically large-scale physical activities and ecological engagement (e.g., morning exercises and nature exploration), acted as powerful natural buffers. These interventions successfully reduced boredom, stabilized emotional spikes, and restored students' character resilience, leading to greater cooperation and empathy.

Conclusions:
This study conclusively confirms that digital overstimulation poses a real ecological threat to the emotional regulation and social skills of Generation Alpha students in rural settings. Integrating movement-based and outdoor learning into the school curriculum is an essential practical strategy to neutralize digital residual effects. Future efforts should emphasize the alignment of schools and parental mediation at home to safeguard the cognitive and emotional well-being of future generations in the era of digital disruption.

Effects of Jigsaw Cooperative Learning on Teamwork in Volleyball Education

Fri, 31 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0900

Objective: Teamwork is essential in volleyball; however, preliminary observations at SDN 40 Lewirato, Bima City, indicated that fifth-grade students demonstrated limited cooperation, communication, and active participation during volleyball lessons. Teacher-centered instruction appeared to provide insufficient opportunities for collaborative learning. This study aims to examine the effectiveness of Jigsaw cooperative learning in improving students’ teamwork in volleyball education.

Method: This study will employ a quantitative one-group pretest–posttest design. All 58 fifth-grade students at SDN 40 Lewirato will be recruited through total sampling. Primary data will be collected through observation and a Likert-scale questionnaire, while supporting information will be obtained from school documentation. The questionnaire will assess four teamwork indicators: positive interdependence, on-court communication, individual responsibility, and promotive interaction. Responses will be scored from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). Students’ teamwork will be measured before and after the implementation of Jigsaw cooperative learning. Data will be analyzed using descriptive statistics and a paired-samples statistical test in SPSS, with statistical significance set at p < .05.

Results: Because this study remains at the proposal stage, data collection and statistical analysis have not yet been conducted. The final results will report pretest and posttest teamwork scores, changes in each teamwork indicator, statistical significance, confidence intervals, and effect sizes.

Conclusion: This study is expected to provide empirical evidence regarding the potential of Jigsaw cooperative learning to strengthen cooperation, communication, responsibility, and positive interaction in volleyball education. Nevertheless, the absence of a control group and the involvement of only one school will limit causal inference and generalizability. Future studies should employ controlled designs and recruit larger, more diverse samples.

Effects of Shadow and Drill Training on Badminton Forehand Smash Accuracy

Frecillia Agustina, Farizal Imansyah, M. Taheri Akbar — Fri, 31 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0900

Objectives:This study aimed to examine the effects of shadow training and drill training on forehand smash accuracy among badminton players at PB Pelangi Club, Simpang District.

Materials and Methods:A quantitative experimental study using a two-group pretest–posttest design was conducted with 20 badminton players selected from a population of 25 athletes through purposive sampling. The participants were divided into two groups using ordinal pairing: a shadow training group (n = 10) and a drill training group (n = 10). The intervention was implemented over 16 training sessions. Forehand smash accuracy was measured using a badminton smash accuracy test consisting of 20 attempts. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, the Shapiro–Wilk normality test, Levene’s homogeneity test, paired-sample t-tests, and an independent-sample t-test.

Results:The shadow training group improved from 50.60 ± 3.20 to 71.10 ± 4.12, with a mean increase of 20.50 points (t(9) = 66.71, p < .001). The drill training group improved from 49.70 ± 3.13 to 78.80 ± 3.94, with a mean increase of 29.10 points (t(9) = 105.10, p < .001). The posttest score of the drill group was significantly higher than that of the shadow group (mean difference = 7.70; t(18) = 4.27, p < .001; Cohen’s d = 1.91).

Conclusions: Both shadow and drill training significantly improved forehand smash accuracy. However, drill training produced a greater improvement and can be recommended as a more effective practice method for developing forehand smash accuracy in club-level badminton players.