The impact of implementing urban farming program on social, economic, and environmental aspects in Semarang City
Abstract
Urban agriculture is an innovative effort to improve food security and the welfare of urban communities with limited land. In 2020, the Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Indonesia launched the Sustainable Food Yard program, which implements urban agriculture. Semarang City is one of the largest metropolitan areas in Indonesia and has been quite progressive in implementing the agricultural program. However, many problems still occur in the field, and the potential to reduce the program's benefits is quite high. This study aims to analyze the impact of implementing the urban agriculture program on social, economic, and environmental aspects in Semarang City. This study was conducted using a survey method. Eighty-six farmers from four Women Farmers Groups who received the Sustainable Food Yard program were selected as research samples. Data were collected through interviews using questionnaires. Data analysis was carried out using descriptive analysis and literature studies. The results of the study showed that the social impact of the urban agriculture program was classified as "less" (score 31.10%), the economic impact was classified as "low" (score 28.88%), and the environmental impact was classified as "very low" (score 18.60%). Sustainable Food Yards contribute to strengthening social relations between farmers, but have not been effective in improving farming skills and public health. In terms of the economy, this program has the potential to provide a significant contribution to household expenditure, but has not been optimal in increasing income and creating jobs. The program's impact on the environment is also still limited, especially in preserving biodiversity and reducing the use of chemicals. These findings indicate that although urban agriculture programs have the potential to improve food security and community welfare, there are still many difficulties in optimizing their benefits.
References
Arbianti, Anggi, F. C., Endang, S. R., & Joko, S. (2024). Dampak Sumber Pendapatan Terhadap Ketimpangan Pendapatan Petani Ubi Kayu Menggunakan Analisis Dekomposisi Gini. MAHATANI, 7(2), 245–257. https://doi.org/10.48093/jimanggis.v2i2.77
Badan Ketahanan Pangan. (2020). Petunjuk Teknis: Bantuan Pemerintah Kegiatan Pekarangan Pangan Lestari (P2L) Tahun 2020.
Badan Ketahanan Pangan Kementerian Pertanian. (2021). Petunjuk Teknis Bantuan Pemerintah Kegiatan Pekarangan Pangan Lestari (P2L) Tahun 2021.
Badan Pangan Nasional. (2018). Sustainable Food Yard (P2L). https://badanpangan.go.id/blog/post/kawasan-rumah-pangan-lestari.
Biky, M. A., Irene, K. E. W., & Yusmi, N. W. (2023). Motivasi Petani dalam Usahatani Kentang di Kecamatan Karangreja Kabupaten Purbalingga. Proceedings Series on Physical & Formal Sciences, 5, 113–123. https://doi.org/10.30595/pspfs.v5i.711
Bria, B. B. & I Wayan, S. (2023). Strategi Komunikasi Interpersonal Petani di Kawasan Ceking Tegallalang Hadapi Alih Fungsi Lahan. Jurnal Pendidikan Tambusai, 7(1), 3053–3061.
Bryman, A. (2004). Social Research Methods. Second Edition. Oxford University Press Inc.
Chatterjee, R., Tran, T. & Shaw., R. (2016). Urban Food Security in Asia: A Growing Threat. In Urban Disasters and Resilience in Asia. Elsevier Inc.
Chrisdiyanti, Y. K. & Yuliawati. (2019). Analisis Pendapatan Usahatani dan Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Risiko Produksi Bunga Potong Krisan di Desa Duren Kecamatan Bandungan. Agrikan: Jurnal Agribisnis Perikanan, 12(1), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.29239/j.agrikan.12.1.1-7
Dinas Ketahanan Pangan Kota Bima. (2018). Sukseskan P2L, P2L Merupakan Solusi Agar Lahan Pekarangan Yang Sempit Mampu Menunjang Peningkatan Gizi dan Pendapatan Keluarga.
Ellyta, Mulyati, Hery, M. K. & Ekawati. (2019). Aspek Pengetahuan, Sikap Dan Keterampilan Pada Respon Petani Terhadap UPJA Di Kecamatan Toho. Jurnal SEA, 8(2), 13–22.
Eriyanti, V. & Arimurti, K. (2023). Implementasi Program Pertanian Perkotaan Pada Kelompok Tani Subur Makmur di Kelurahan Pagesangan Kecamatan Jambangan Kota Surabaya. NeoRespublica : Jurnal Ilmu Pemerintahan, 5(1), 70–82. https://doi.org/10.52423/neores.v5i1.107
Fadhilah, M. L., Eddy, B. T. & Gayatri, S. (2018). Pengaruh Tingkat Pengetahuan, Sikap Dan Keterampilan Penerapan Sistem Agribisnis Terhadap Produksi Pada Petani Padi Di Kecamatan Cimanggu Kabupaten Cilacap. Agrisocionomics: Jurnal Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian, 2(1), 39–49. https://doi.org/10.14710/agrisocionomics.v2i1.1327
Indriani, L. & Sri, M. (2024). Efektivitas Program Pekarangan Pangan Lestari (P2L) Dalam Mendukung Ketahanan Pangan Rumah Tangga Di Desa Perjiwa Kecamatan Tenggarong Seberang. eJournal Pembangunan Sosial 12(3), 271–281.
Pemerintah Republik Indonesia. (2023). Instruksi Presiden Nomor 1 Tahun 2023 tentang Pengarusutamaan Pelestarian Keanekaragaman Hayati dalam Pembangunan Berkelanjutan.
Khasanah, R., Suminah & Emi, W. (2024). Partisipasi Anggota Kelompok Wanita Tani (KWT) dalam Program Pekarangan Pangan Lestari (P2L) Di Kabupaten Klaten. Journal of Integrated Agricultural Socio Economics and Entrepreneurial Research, 2(2), 92–100.
Malihatun, I., Wulan, S. & Anang, M. L. (2024). The Sustainability Analysis of The Chrysanthemum Flower Business in Bandungan Sub-District Semarang District. AGRISOCIONOMICS Jurnal Sosial Ekonomi Dan Kebijakan Pertanian, 8(2), 379–394. https://ejournal2.undip.ac.id/index.php/agrisocionomics
Mokodompit, A. A. M., Dewi, W. K., Baderan, & Syam, S. K. (2022). Keankaragaman Tumbuhan Suku Piperaceae Di Kawasan Air Terjun Lombongo Provinsi Gorontalo. Bioma: Jurnal Biologi Makassar, 7(1), 95–102. https://journal.unhas.ac.id/index.php/bioma
Nasahi, C. (2010). Peran mikroba dalam pertanian organik, Jurusan Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan. Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Pajajaran.
Ningsih, W., & Abdullah, F. (2021). Analisis Perbedaan Pencari Kerja dan Lowongan Kerja Sebelum dan Pada Saat Pandemi Covid-19 di Kota Malang. Journal of Regional Economics Indonesia, 2(1), 42–56. https://doi.org/10.26905/jrei.v2i1.6181
Novrianty, E., Kordiyana, K. R., Indah, L., Sumaryo, G. & Yuniar, A. S. (2023). Keberlanjutan Program Pekarangan Pangan Lestari Anggota Kelompok Wanita Tani di Provinsi Lampung Sustainable Food Yard Sustainability Program for Women Farmer Group Members in Lampung Province. Journal of Extension and Development ISSN, 5(3), 175–184.
Nugraha, F. A., Titik, E., Sumarsono, & Siwi, G. (2023). Study on Food Security among Farm Households Participating in the Sustainable Food Yard (SFY) Program in Semarang City. Agric: Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian, 35(2), 237–250. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.24246/agric.2023.v35.i2.p237-250
Nugraha, F. A., Titik, E. & Sumarsono. (2024). Sustainability Assessment With Multidimensional Scaling In The Sustainable Food Yard Program (Case Study: Semarang City). Agrisocionomics: Jurnal Sosial Ekonomi Dan Kebijakan Pertanian, 8(1), 112–125. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.14710/agrisocionomics.v8i1.17602
Nurjasmi, R. (2021). Review: Potensi Pengembangan Pertanian Perkotaan oleh Lanjut Usia untuk Mendukung Ketahanan Pangan. Jurnal Ilmiah Respati, 12(1), 1411–7126. http://ejournal.urindo.ac.id/index.php/pertanian
Ode, F. R. & Wa, O. R. M. (2024). Pemberdayaan Kelompok Wanita Tani Melalui Progrm Pekarangan Pangan Lestari (P2L) Di Kelurahan Majapahiy. Jurnal Sosiologi Miabhari, 2(1), 71–88.
Pemerintah Republik Indonesia. (2015). Peraturan Pemerintah (PP) No. 17 Tahun 2015 tentang Ketahanan Pangan dan Gizi (17).
Pemerintah Republik Indonesia. (2021). Peraturan Presiden No. 66 Tahun 2021 tentang Pembentukan Badan Pangan Nasional (66).
Pemerintah Republik Indonesia. (2022). Peraturan Presiden Nomor 125 Tahun 2022 tentang Penyelenggaraan Cadangan Pangan Pemerintah (125).
Pradhan, P., Daya, R. S., Kshitij, D., Yuanchao, H., Prakriti, G., Sijal, P., Sagar, K., Biplav, K., Sudeeksha, B., Monika, G. & Aruna, J. (2024). Urban agriculture matters for sustainable development. Cell Reports Sustainability, 1(9), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crsus.2024.100217
Putro, P. D. C., Sukendah, S., & Triani, N. (2022). Pengaruh Komposisi Media Tanam Dan Konsentrasi PGPR (Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Bibit Stek Tanaman Krisan (Chrysanthemum morifolium) di Dataran Rendah. AGRICOLA, 12(2), 67-81.
Rahayu, E. S. & Arbianti. (2021). Dampak Pandemi Covid Terhadap Pendapatan Dan Kemiskinan Rumah Tangga UMKM Di DAS Keduang. Jurnal Ilmiah Management Agribisnis, 2(2), 147–154.
Ridley, D. (2012). The Literature Review: A Step-by-Step Guide for Students. (K. Metzler, Ed.) (2nd Editio). (2nd ed.). UK: SAGE Publications Ltd.
Rusdiana, S. & Aries, M. (2017). Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Dan Kebutuhan Pangan Di Indonesia. Agriekonomika, 6(1), 12–25. https://doi.org/10.21107/agriekonomika.v6i1.1795
Sahra, J. F. (2024). Analisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pendapatan petani jagung manis di Kampung Semangga Jaya, Distrik Semangga. AGRICOLA, 14(2), 81-88.
Sari, B., Joni, E., Rufial, Wanialisa, M., Ilham, K. A. & Sarpan. (2024). Pengembangan Urban Farming Sebagai Ketahanan Pangan Di Lingkungan RW 023 Kelurahan Teluk Pucung Bekasi Utara. Jurnal Media Abdimas, 3(2), 97–108. https://doi.org/10.37817/mediaabdimas.v4i1
Selvia, H. (2023). Implementasi Program Pekarangan Pangan Lestari (P2L) Di Desa Luwungragi Kecamatan Bulakamba Kabupaten Brebes. In Skripsi (pp. 1–169).
Soga, M., Kevin, J. G. & Yuichi, Y. (2017). Gardening is beneficial for health: A meta-analysis. In Preventive Medicine Reports (Vol. 5, pp. 92–99). Elsevier Inc. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmedr.2016.11.007
Sugiyono, S. (2001). Metodologi Penelitian Bisnis. Bandung. CV Alfabeta.
Sugiyono, S. (2013). Metode Penelitian Pendidikan (Pendekatan Kuantitatif,. Kualitatif dan R&D). Bandung. CV Alfabeta.
Sun, Q., Yin, G., Wei, W., Zhang, Z., Li, G., & Zhu, S. (2024). Social Network Analysis of Farmers after the Private Cooperatives’ “Intervention” in a Rural Area of China—A Case Study of the XiangX Cooperative in Shandong Province. Agriculture (Switzerland), 14(5), 2. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14050649
Supriyadi, S. (2016). Community of Practitioners: Solusi Alternatif Berbagi Pengetahuan antar Pustakawan. Lentera Pustaka: Jurnal Kajian Ilmu Perpustakaan, Informasi Dan Kearsipan, 2(2), 83–93. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.14710/lenpust.v2i2.13476.
Suratiyah, K. (2015). Ilmu Usahatani (Revisi). Penebar Swadaya.
Pemerintah Republik Indonesia. (1945). Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia 1945 Pasal 27 ayat (2) tentang Hak Konstitusional Setiap Warga Negara.
Pemerintah Republik Indonesia. (1945). Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia 1945 Pasal 33 ayat (3).
Pemerintah Republik Indonesia. (2012). Undang-Undang Nomor 18 Tahun 2012 Tentang Pangan (18).
Warman, R. G. & Riajeng, K. (2018). Mengkaji Sistem Tanam Tumpangsari Tanaman Semusim. Proceeding Biology Education Conference, 15, 791–794.
Widoyoko, E. P. (2012). Teknik Penyusunan Instrumen Penelitian. Pustaka Pelajar.
Wijaya, S. M., Baliwati, Y. F. & Anggraini, D. I. (2022). Urban Farming in Food Security Efforts at Household Level in Indonesia: Systematic Review. International Journal of Current Science Research and Review, 5(9), 3364–3372. https://doi.org/10.47191/ijcsrr/v5-i9-13
Yamori, K. & James, D. G. (2021). Disasters without borders: The coronavirus pandemic, global climate change and the ascendancy of gradual onset disasters. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(6), 1–2. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18063299
Zubaedi. (2013). Pengembangan Masyarakat Wacana dan Praktek. Pustaka Kencana Prenada Media Group.
.png)
