Distribusi ukuran dan pola penangkapan musiman ikan tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis dan Thunnus albacares) pada perikanan pancing tonda di PPN Ambon, Indonesia
Abstrak
Perikanan tuna di Indonesia, khususnya di wilayah Ambon, merupakan salah satu sektor penting yang mendukung ketahanan pangan dan ekonomi lokal, namun informasi terkait distribusi ukuran dan pola penangkapan musiman pada perikanan pancing tonda masih terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis distribusi ukuran, musim, dan area penangkapan ikan madidihang (Thunnus albacares) dan cakalang (Katsuwonus pelamis) yang ditangkap menggunakan pancing tonda dan didaratkan di Pelabuhan Perikanan Nusantara (PPN) Ambon. Pancing tonda merupakan alat tangkap tradisional yang efektif untuk menangkap ikan pelagis, terutama tuna, karena dioperasikan pada siang hari sesuai dengan perilaku makan ikan tersebut. Studi dilaksanakan pada periode September 2024 hingga Februari 2025 melalui metode pencatatan hasil tangkapan, observasi lapangan, dan wawancara dengan nelayan. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif dan disajikan dalam bentuk grafik dan tabel. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa ukuran cakalang berkisar antara 46,1–56,3 cm, dengan ukuran maksimum pada bulan November dan minimum pada bulan Desember. Musim puncak penangkapan cakalang terjadi antara September hingga November. Madidihang yang tertangkap tergolong baby tuna dengan ukuran 46,9–60,7 cm, terbesar pada bulan November dan terkecil pada Oktober. Musim puncak penangkapan madidihang berlangsung dari Oktober hingga Desember. Lokasi penangkapan sebagian besar berada di Perairan Laut Aru dibandingkan Laut Banda. Temuan ini memberikan informasi penting bagi nelayan dan pemangku kepentingan dalam merancang strategi penangkapan yang efektif dan bertanggung jawab, serta mencegah penangkapan ikan di bawah ukuran layak tangkap.
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