PERANCANGAN SISTEM IRIGASI BERBASIS WATER–ENERGY NEXUS MENGGUNAKAN POMPA SUBMERSIBLE TENAGA SURYA PADA LAHAN HORTIKULTURA TADAH HUJAN
Abstract
Lahan hortikultura tadah hujan menghadapi keterbatasan ketersediaan air dan ketergantungan tinggi terhadap energi konvensional dalam sistem irigasi. Sistem irigasi permukaan yang umum digunakan membutuhkan volume air besar serta biaya operasional tinggi akibat penggunaan pompa berbahan bakar fosil. Kondisi ini mendorong perlunya pendekatan irigasi yang mampu mengintegrasikan efisiensi air dan energi secara simultan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang dan mengevaluasi kinerja sistem irigasi berbasis water–energy nexus menggunakan pompa submersible tenaga surya pada lahan hortikultura tadah hujan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimental dengan pendekatan rekayasa sistem melalui integrasi subsistem energi surya, pemompaan, penyimpanan air, dan distribusi air berbasis gravitasi. Sistem energi menggunakan panel fotovoltaik berkapasitas 900 Wp yang dilengkapi baterai penyimpanan, sedangkan sistem pemompaan menggunakan pompa submersible berdaya 750 W. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sistem menghasilkan energi listrik harian sebesar 2,07 kWh yang mendukung operasional pompa selama 1 jam 53 menit dan menghasilkan volume air terpompa sebesar 83.979 liter dengan debit rata-rata 0,0124 m³/s. Analisis kebutuhan air menunjukkan bahwa irigasi permukaan membutuhkan sekitar 250.000 liter untuk lahan seluas 0,25 ha, sementara sistem mampu memenuhi sekitar 33,6% dari kebutuhan tersebut dalam satu siklus irigasi.
References
[2] Falkenmark, M., and Rockström, J. . (2004) .Balance between water availability and water requirements: Drivers of food insecurity and human migration. Water International. 29(3):283–295. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/02508060408691775.
[3] FAO . (2017) .Water use in agriculture. FAO Water Reports. (23):.
[4] Mekonnen, M., and Hoekstra, A. . (2011) .The green, blue and grey water footprint of crops and derived crop products. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences. 151577–1600. DOI:https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-15-1577-2011.
[5] Maidment, D.R. . (1992) Handbook of hydrology. .
[6] Steduto, P., Hsiao, T., Fereres, E., and Raes, D. . (2012) Crop Yield Response to Water. FAO, Rome.
[7] Kumar, P., and Singh, R. . (2004) .Energy use pattern in production agriculture of a typical village in arid zone India—Part I. Energy Conversion and Management. 45(9–10):1375–1386. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0196-8904(03)00162-3.
[8] Shah, T., Shah, A., and Verma, S. . (2018) .Solar irrigation pumps and India’s energy–irrigation nexus. Economic & Political Weekly. 53(7):64–72.
[9] Hellegers, P., and Zilberman, D. . (2008) .Interactions between water, energy, food and environment: Evolving perspectives and policy issues. Water Policy. 10(S1):1–10. DOI:https://doi.org/10.2166/wp.2008.048.
[10] Bazilian, M., Rogner, H., Howells, M., Hermann, S., Arent, D., Gielen, D., et al. . (2011) .Considering the energy, water and food nexus: Towards an integrated modelling approach. Energy Policy. 39(12):7896–7906. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2011.09.039.
[11] Hermann, S., Howells, M., McCollum, D., Young, T., and Mai, T. . (2011) .The water–energy nexus: Strategic considerations for water-energy planning. Energy Policy. 39(12):7907–7918. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2011.09.038.
[12] Pamuttu, D.L., Akbar, M., Andika, A.P., and Hariyanto, H. . (2023) .An Investigation of Hybrid Renewable Energy Potential by Harnessing Traffic Flow. International Journal of Heat & Technology. 41(1):.
[13] Bouzidi, M.K. . (2011) .Renewable energy for water pumping applications. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 15(2):1065–1075. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2010.11.015.
[14] Hamidat, A., Benyoucef, B., and Hartani, T. . (2003) .Small-scale irrigation with photovoltaic water pumping system in Sahara regions. Renewable Energy. 28(7):1081–1096. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-1481(02)00058-7.
[15] Burney, J., Woltering, L., Burke, M., Naylor, R., and Pasternak, D. . (2010) .Solar-powered drip irrigation enhances food security in the Sudano–Sahel. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 107(5):1848–1853. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0909678107.
[16] Hoff, H. . (2011) .Understanding the nexus. Background Paper for the Bonn 2011 Nexus Conference.
[17] Yadav, M., Kumar, R., and Sinha, S.K. . (2014) .Performance evaluation of solar photovoltaic water pumping system. International Journal of Renewable Energy Research. 4(4):965–972.
