Agroforestry Systems and Coffee Post-Harvest Handling as a Strategy for Sustainable Coffee Development in Sajang Village, East Lombok Regency
Abstrak
Kopi merupakan komoditas perkebunan strategis yang memiliki nilai ekonomi tinggi dan berpotensi mendukung pembangunan pertanian berkelanjutan. Desa Sajang, Kabupaten Lombok Timur, merupakan salah satu sentra produksi kopi rakyat yang menerapkan sistem agroforestri dan berbagai inovasi penanganan pascapanen. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji sistem agroforestri, keragaman varietas kopi, teknik budidaya, serta praktik penanganan pascapanen sebagai strategi pengembangan kopi berkelanjutan di Desa Sajang. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif dengan metode studi kasus. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi lapangan, wawancara semi-terstruktur terhadap pembina kelompok tani dan petani kopi, serta studi dokumentasi. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif melalui tahapan reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan dengan teknik triangulasi sumber dan metode. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa budidaya kopi di Desa Sajang menerapkan sistem agroforestri multistrata dengan tanaman penaung dan tanaman sela berupa pisang, durian, vanili, dan cengkeh yang berkontribusi terhadap peningkatan stabilitas agroekosistem dan diversifikasi pendapatan petani. Kebun kopi memiliki keragaman genetik yang tinggi dengan tiga jenis kopi utama, yaitu Arabika, Robusta, dan Excelsa, serta empat klon lokal Robusta, yaitu Unggul Sari, Malang Sari, Tugu Sari, dan Kantim. Pemeliharaan tanaman dilakukan secara organik melalui integrasi usaha kopi–ternak yang mendukung siklus hara berkelanjutan. Penanganan pascapanen meliputi pemetikan selektif buah merah matang, pengolahan dengan metode natural, honey, semi wash, full wash, dan karbonik, pengeringan hingga kadar air 12%, penyimpanan menggunakan plastik hermetik dan karung goni, serta penyangraian menggunakan mesin roasting. Sistem budidaya agroforestri yang terintegrasi dengan teknologi pascapanen berpotensi meningkatkan kualitas, nilai tambah, dan keberlanjutan usaha kopi rakyat di Desa Sajang.
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