Fermentasi limbah padat serai wangi penambahan kotoran sapi untuk pupuk organik berkualitas mendukung kesehatan tanaman berkelanjutan
Abstrak
Pemanfaatan limbah pertanian menjadi pupuk organik merupakan salah satu strategi untuk mendukung kesehatan tanah dan sistem perlindungan tanaman yang berkelanjutan. Limbah padat serai wangi (Cymbopogon nardus (L.) Rendle) merupakan hasil samping proses destilasi minyak atsiri yang berpotensi mencemari lingkungan apabila tidak dimanfaatkan secara optimal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi perubahan karakteristik fisikokimia dan kandungan hara limbah padat serai wangi selama proses fermentasi menggunakan beberapa proporsi kotoran sapi serta mengidentifikasi formulasi terbaik dalam menghasilkan pupuk organik berkualitas. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada Juli–September 2025 di screen house dan Laboratorium Kimia Tanah dan Nutrisi Tanaman. Fermentasi dilakukan menggunakan empat perbandingan limbah padat serai wangi dan kotoran sapi, yaitu 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, dan 1:4, dengan penambahan dedak, gula merah, air, dan EM4 sebagai aktivator. Parameter yang diamati meliputi C-organik, rasio C/N, pH, kadar air, serta kandungan nitrogen (N), fosfor (P₂O₅), dan kalium (K₂O). Data dianalisis secara deskriptif komparatif dengan membandingkan karakteristik bahan sebelum dan sesudah fermentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa fermentasi menurunkan kadar C-organik dan rasio C/N serta meningkatkan kandungan N, P₂O₅, K₂O, pH, dan kadar air bahan organik. Perlakuan dengan perbandingan limbah padat serai wangi dan kotoran sapi 1:4 menghasilkan kualitas pupuk organik terbaik, yang ditunjukkan oleh rasio C/N terendah serta kandungan N, P₂O₅, dan K₂O tertinggi dibandingkan perlakuan lainnya. Temuan penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa proses fermentasi secara efektif mengubah limbah padat hasil destilasi serai wangi menjadi pupuk organik yang lebih stabil dan kaya hara, sehingga berpotensi menjadi alternatif yang ramah lingkungan dalam pemanfaatan limbah pertanian dan produksi pupuk organik.
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