Objectives Of Physical Education And Sport Sciences And Their Development Across Different Historical Stages During The Period (1900–2025)

Abstract

This research aimed to identify the development of the objectives of physical education and sport sciences across different historical stages during the period (1900–2025), and to analyze the educational, health, social, and scientific factors that contributed to the reformulation of these objectives. The research adopted the historical analytical method through the analysis of documents and international charters, educational standards, and relevant Arabic and foreign scientific studies. The results of the research showed that the objectives of physical education in the first half of the twentieth century focused on physical preparation, discipline, and readiness, influenced by the conditions of wars and political transformations. By the mid-twentieth century, the objectives shifted toward health-related fitness, and the role of measurement, evaluation, and sport sciences emerged in supporting the formulation of more precise and assessable objectives. In the period (2000–2025), physical education witnessed a qualitative transformation toward adopting the concept of quality physical education, inclusion, and the right to participation, and linking objectives to public health and lifelong physical activity, with the utilization of technology and scientific research in teaching and evaluation. The research concluded that the development of the objectives of physical education and sport sciences is a cumulative development that reflects societal and scientific transformations, and that the contemporary objective has become multidimensional, combining health, educational quality, equity in participation, and evidence-based assessment. The research recommended the necessity of developing physical education curricula in line with modern health guidelines, enhancing teacher preparation, and employing technology in an educationally equitable manner, in a way that contributes to improving quality of life and building a more active and healthy society.