Impact of Team Game Tournament Model on Overhand Passing Performance in Volleyball

Abstract

Objectives. This study aims to examine the effect of the Team Game Tournament (TGT) learning model on improving overhand passing skills in volleyball among eleventh-grade students at SMA Negeri 1 Ogan Komering Ulu. The study responds to the need for more engaging and effective instructional models in physical education, particularly for skill-based sports such as volleyball.

Materials and Methods. The research employed a one-group pretest-posttest pre-experimental design. A total of 36 students were selected through cluster random sampling. The intervention involved two structured learning sessions using the TGT model, designed to develop overhand passing technique through cooperative, competitive gameplay. Student performance was assessed using standardized rubrics that evaluated psychomotor, affective, and cognitive domains. Statistical analysis was conducted using paired sample t-tests and normality tests with SPSS 26.

Results. The results showed a statistically significant improvement in students’ overhand passing performance following the intervention. The average score increased from 73.92 (pretest) to 78.36 (posttest), with a paired samples t-value of 5.100 and a significance level of p = 0.000 (p < 0.05). This demonstrates that the TGT model has a meaningful effect on enhancing students’ volleyball passing skills.

Conclusions. The Team Game Tournament model is an effective and engaging approach to teaching volleyball skills in high school physical education. It supports not only psychomotor skill development but also enhances motivation, cooperation, and cognitive understanding. Educators are encouraged to integrate the TGT model into instructional practice to improve learning outcomes in sports-based subjects.