Biomechanical Analysis of Instep Passing in Futsal: Body and Leg Angles Across Two Trials

Abstract

Objectives: To describe body and leg angles during the approach, ball-contact, and follow-through phases of two instep passes performed by a futsal player.

Materials and Methods: This descriptive video analysis examined one sport education student performing two instep-pass trials. A mobile-phone camera recorded the player from the right side, and Kinovea 2023 1.2 was used to extract the angles reported in the original study and trial duration. Results were summarized descriptively; no inferential testing was conducted.

Results: At ball contact, body and leg angles were 141.1° and 65.8° in trial 1 and 142.2° and 76.1° in trial 2. Follow-through body and leg angles were 90.0° and 46.4° in trial 1 and 119.2° and 56.9° in trial 2. Recorded durations were 1.00 and 0.97 s, respectively.

Conclusions: The two trials showed observable differences in movement configuration and a 0.03 s difference in recorded duration. These preliminary data can guide phase-specific technique observation but cannot establish a causal effect of joint angles on pass accuracy or effectiveness.