A Survey of the Implementation of Traditional Games in Physical Education Learning among Elementary Schools in Makassar

Abstract

Objectives: This study aimed to examine the implementation of traditional games in physical education learning among elementary schools in Makassar City, focusing on implementation levels, types of games used, teacher perceptions, and barriers encountered during instruction.

Materials and Methods: A quantitative descriptive survey design was employed. The participants were 45 physical education teachers from public and private elementary schools in Makassar City, selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using questionnaires, observation sheets, and semi-structured interviews. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, including percentages, mean scores, and implementation categories.
Results: The findings showed that the implementation of traditional games was categorized as good, with an average implementation score of 78.4%. The most frequently used games were gobak sodor, engklek, bentengan, bakiak race, and rope jumping. Teachers reported that traditional games improved students’ motivation, cooperation, motor activity, and cultural awareness. However, several barriers were identified, including limited facilities, insufficient learning time, and lack of teacher training.
Conclusions: Traditional games have been positively implemented in elementary school physical education in Makassar City. These games support students’ physical, social, and cultural development. However, better facilities, teacher training, and curriculum support are needed to optimize their use in physical education learning.