Effect of Kiambang (Salvinia molesta) Bioherbicide on Mortality Percentage and Height Growth Rate of Upland Rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Abstract
The presence of weeds in upland rice cultivation can reduce yield quantity and quality as well as decrease plant population. One strategy to reduce reliance on synthetic herbicides is the use of bioherbicides. Previous studies indicate that a 60% concentration of Salvinia molesta extract is the most effective dose for controlling weed growth. However, its potential negative effects on the main crop, upland rice (Oryza sativa L.), remain unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Salvinia molesta extract on the mortality percentage and height growth rate of upland rice. The research was conducted at the Experimental Field of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Riau. A Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was applied with five treatments: 2,4-D herbicide, and Salvinia molesta bioherbicide at concentrations of 20%, 40%, 60%, and 80%, each replicated five times, resulting in 25 experimental units. Each unit consisted of two rice plants. Observed parameters included upland rice mortality percentage and plant height growth rate. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) at a 5% significance level, followed by the Least Significant Difference (LSD) test at the 5% level using SAS version 9.4. The results showed that bioherbicide concentrations of 60% and 80% caused upland rice mortality of 70% and 80%, respectively; however, this effect was temporary and occurred within two to three days after application. Bioherbicide treatments at concentrations of 20%, 40%, 60%, and 80% reduced the height growth rate of upland rice at 14 days after application. In contrast, the 2,4-D herbicide treatment increased the plant height growth rate at 14 days after application.
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