Socio-Economic Conditions and Technical Capability for Coffee Agroforestry-Based Ecotourism: A SWOT-IFAS/EFAS Analysis in Pattapang, South Sulawesi
Abstract
Community-based ecotourism integrated with coffee agroforestry has emerged as a strategic approach to rural development in Indonesia, yet its success depends heavily on the socio-economic conditions and technical capabilities of the managing community. This study aimed to analyze the socio-economic conditions and technical capabilities of the local community that influence their ability to manage coffee agroforestry-based ecotourism in Kelurahan Pattapang, Gowa Regency, South Sulawesi, a buffer zone of the Malino Nature Tourism Park and a Limited Production Forest. A mixed-methods case study design was employed, combining a quantitative SWOT/IFAS-EFAS survey of 25 respondents with qualitative in-depth interviews and field observation. Internal and external factors were scored using a five-point Likert scale, weighted, and rated to construct the Internal Factor Analysis Summary (IFAS) and External Factor Analysis Summary (EFAS) matrices, from which a SWOT quadrant position and a TOWS strategy matrix were derived. Results showed that the community's total Strengths score (3.2605) exceeded its Weaknesses score (2.0713), while total Opportunities (3.2397) exceeded Threats (1.9262), yielding quadrant coordinates of (+1.1892, +1.3134) that placed the community firmly in Quadrant I (Aggressive/SO Strategy). The strongest internal factor was social forestry group support (score 0.7622), while the weakest was tour-guiding capability (0.2308); externally, new employment opportunities (0.7448) were the strongest driver, while competition from more established nearby destinations (0.1870) was the most serious threat. Composite priority scoring of 13 TOWS strategies identified institutional optimization of social forestry groups and development of agroforestry-based educational tourism packages as the two flagship strategies. These findings indicate that the community possesses a robust asset base for aggressive ecotourism development, provided that institutional and product-based strategies are prioritized over purely defensive measures.
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