Evaluasi awal karakteristik fisikokimia dan efikasi pra-tumbuh herbisida alami berbahan dasar fermentasi air kelapa terhadap gulma Asystasia gangetica
Abstrak
Penggunaan herbisida sintetis secara intensif dan persisten telah memicu krisis ekologi dan memunculkan resistensi pada gulma invasif, seperti Asystasia gangetica. Eksplorasi alternatif pengendalian yang ramah lingkungan melalui pemanfaatan limbah organik, seperti bio-konversi fermentasi air kelapa dan bawang putih, sangat diperlukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi dinamika karakteristik fisikokimia dari fermentasi air kelapa, serta menguji efikasi awal dari formulasi herbisida alami tersebut terhadap viabilitas kecambah biji gulma A. gangetica di media tanah pada rumah kaca. Formulasi difermentasi secara anaerobik selama 14 hari dengan interval pengamatan fisikokimia setiap dua hari. Uji efikasi pra-tumbuh (pre-emergence) dirancang menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) faktor tunggal dengan lima taraf konsentrasi (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, dan 20%) dan lima ulangan. Hasil pengamatan fisikokimia menunjukkan penurunan eksponensial derajat keasaman hingga mencapai pH ekstrem (3,02) dan pelonjakan padatan terlarut (2740 ppm) pada hari ke-14. Meskipun formulasi bersifat asam pekat, hasil uji Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) mengonfirmasi bahwa seluruh taraf konsentrasi tidak memberikan pengaruh yang nyata terhadap kecepatan perkecambahan, daya berkecambah (89,80–93,40%), pertumbuhan morfologis, maupun bobot biomassa kecambah. Ketidakefektifan ini diduga berkaitan dengan terjadinya netralisasi asam yang sangat cepat akibat kapasitas penyangga tanah (pH buffering capacity) Ultisol, biodegradasi agen organosulfur di tanah, serta impermeabilitas testa biji A. gangetica. Berdasarkan temuan awal ini, formulasi herbisida alami fermentasi air kelapa tidak direkomendasikan untuk aplikasi pengendalian gulma pra-tumbuh di tanah.
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