Effects of a 12-Session Rounders Program on Motor Ability in Upper-Grade Elementary School Boys: A One-Group Pretest–Posttest Study

Abstract

Objectives: This study examined whether a 12-session rounders program was associated with improved motor ability among male students in Grades IV–VI at SD Negeri 101778 Medan Estate.

Materials and Methods: A pre-experimental one-group pretest–posttest design was used. Participants were 25 male students: nine in Grade IV, eleven in Grade V, and five in Grade VI. The intervention comprised 12 one-hour rounders sessions. Motor ability was assessed before and after the program using a four-item school motor ability battery: 50-yard sprint, standing long jump, sit-and-reach, and baseball throw-and-catch. Item scores were converted to standardized scores and combined. A paired-samples t-test compared pretest and posttest scores.

Results: The mean composite score increased from 200.12 at pretest to 206.24 at posttest, an absolute gain of 6.12 points (3.06%). The paired comparison was statistically significant, t(24) = 4.014, p < .001, with a derived standardized paired effect of dᵣ = 0.80. At posttest, 10 students (40%) were classified as good, 9 (36%) as fair, 2 (8%) as poor, 4 (16%) as very poor, and none as excellent.

Conclusions: The 12-session rounders program was associated with a statistically significant, moderately large improvement in composite motor ability. Because no control group was included, the result should be interpreted as preliminary evidence rather than definitive causation. Controlled studies with complete protocol reporting are recommended.