Development of a Basic Athletic Movement-Based Game Model for Javelin Throw in Elementary School Physical Education

Abstract

Objectives. The objective of this study was to develop a game-based model focused on fundamental athletic movements, specifically for the javelin throw event, to be used in physical education classes. The model was intended to improve students’ motor skills in a fun and engaging way and to serve as an effective teaching tool for physical education teachers at the elementary level.

Materials and Methods. This research employed a development research design based on the model by Borg and Gall, which consists of seven stages: (1) information gathering, (2) initial draft design, (3) expert validation and revision, (4) small-scale trial and revision, (5) large-scale trial and revision, (6) final product development, and (7) effectiveness testing. The small-scale trial was conducted with 4th-grade students at SDN 16 Poso, and the large-scale trial involved 5th-grade students at the same school. Data were collected through observation, expert validation forms, and pre-test and post-test assessments. Effectiveness was measured using a t-test analysis.

Results. The results of the study revealed that the developed game-based model for teaching the javelin throw significantly enhanced students' fundamental movement skills. Through both small-scale and large-scale trials conducted at SDN 16 Poso, the model demonstrated high levels of engagement and effectiveness. Statistical analysis using the t-test showed that the calculated t-value was greater than the t-table value, indicating a significant improvement in students’ performance after implementing the model. The final product consists of five simple and interactive games: basket throw, accurate throw, cone target throw, ball ring throw, and turbo throw. These games not only made the learning process more enjoyable but also effectively supported the development of javelin-specific motor skills in upper elementary school students.

Conclusion. The fundamental movement game model for the javelin throw developed in this study is empirically proven to be effective in enhancing students’ motor skills in upper elementary physical education classes. The model provides a practical and enjoyable approach to teaching athletic skills and can be a valuable resource for teachers in implementing physical education curricula.