The Relationship between Daily Physical Activity, Screen Time, and Physical Fitness among Students at SMP Negeri 1 Woha

Abstract

Objectives. This study aims to examine the relationship between daily physical activity, recreational screen time duration, and physical fitness in students of SMP 1 Woha, and to assess whether physical activity statistically explains the relationship between screen time and physical fitness.

Materials and Methods. This study used a correlational design with a cross-sectional approach. Daily physical activity was measured using the Indonesian version of the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents (PAQ-A). Recreational screen time was measured through brief records of the average daily time spent using smartphones, computers, and television on school days and weekends. Physical fitness was assessed using a school-based fitness test battery (speed, muscular endurance, and aerobic endurance) which was then converted into a composite fitness index. Pearson/Spearman correlation analysis and multiple linear regression (controlled for age, gender, grade, and BMI) were used to examine the relationships between variables. Optional mediation analysis was performed using the bootstrapping technique .

Results. The analysis results were entered after data processing (N, mean, standard deviation, r, β, p, and R² values). A common pattern found in the literature suggests that higher physical activity is associated with better physical fitness, while longer screen time is associated with lower physical activity and poorer fitness.

Conclusion. If the hypothesis is confirmed, these findings support school and family strategies to increase daily physical activity and reduce screen time to maintain students' physical fitness.